Rust serialization benchmark

The goal of these benchmarks is to provide thorough and complete benchmarks for various rust serialization frameworks.

These benchmarks are a work in progress

These benchmarks are still being developed and pull requests to improve benchmarks are welcome.

Interactive site

Calculate the number of messages per second that can be sent/received with various rust serialization frameworks and compression libraries. Documentation

Format

All tests benchmark the following properties (time or size):

• Serialize: serialize data into a buffer
• Deserialize: deserializes a buffer into a normal rust object
• Size: the size of the buffer when serialized
• Zlib: the size of the buffer after zlib compression
• Zstd: the size of the buffer after zstd compression
• Zstd Time: the time taken to compress the serialized buffer with zstd

Zero-copy deserialization libraries have an additional set of benchmarks:

• Access: accesses a buffer as structured data
• Read: runs through a buffer and reads fields out of it
• Update: updates a buffer as structured data

Some benchmark results may be italicized and followed by an asterisk. Mouse over these for more details on what situation was benchmarked. Other footnotes are located at the bottom.

Last updated: 2024-11-4 23:36:44

Runtime info

rustc version

rustc 1.84.0-nightly (b8c8287a2 2024-11-03)
binary: rustc
commit-hash: b8c8287a229cd79604aa84c25e1235fc78cd5f2e
commit-date: 2024-11-03
host: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
release: 1.84.0-nightly
LLVM version: 19.1.3

CPU info

Architecture:                       x86_64
CPU op-mode(s):                     32-bit, 64-bit
Address sizes:                      48 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
Byte Order:                         Little Endian
CPU(s):                             4
On-line CPU(s) list:                0-3
Vendor ID:                          AuthenticAMD
Model name:                         AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
CPU family:                         25
Model:                              1
Thread(s) per core:                 2
Core(s) per socket:                 2
Socket(s):                          1
Stepping:                           1
BogoMIPS:                           4890.86
Flags:                              fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc cpuid extd_apicid aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 movbe popcnt aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm cmp_legacy svm cr8_legacy abm sse4a misalignsse 3dnowprefetch osvw topoext invpcid_single vmmcall fsgsbase bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rdseed adx smap clflushopt clwb sha_ni xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves clzero xsaveerptr rdpru arat npt nrip_save tsc_scale vmcb_clean flushbyasid decodeassists pausefilter pfthreshold v_vmsave_vmload umip vaes vpclmulqdq rdpid fsrm
Virtualization:                     AMD-V
Hypervisor vendor:                  Microsoft
Virtualization type:                full
L1d cache:                          64 KiB (2 instances)
L1i cache:                          64 KiB (2 instances)
L2 cache:                           1 MiB (2 instances)
L3 cache:                           32 MiB (1 instance)
NUMA node(s):                       1
NUMA node0 CPU(s):                  0-3
Vulnerability Gather data sampling: Not affected
Vulnerability Itlb multihit:        Not affected
Vulnerability L1tf:                 Not affected
Vulnerability Mds:                  Not affected
Vulnerability Meltdown:             Not affected
Vulnerability Mmio stale data:      Not affected
Vulnerability Retbleed:             Not affected
Vulnerability Spec rstack overflow: Vulnerable: Safe RET, no microcode
Vulnerability Spec store bypass:    Vulnerable
Vulnerability Spectre v1:           Mitigation; usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization
Vulnerability Spectre v2:           Mitigation; Retpolines; STIBP disabled; RSB filling; PBRSB-eIBRS Not affected; BHI Not affected
Vulnerability Srbds:                Not affected
Vulnerability Tsx async abort:      Not affected

log

This data set is composed of HTTP request logs that are small and contain many strings.

Raw data

For operations, time per iteration; for size, bytes. Lower is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
bilrost 0.1010.0	698.50 µs* 626.21 µs*	3.2356 ms	874632	355446	311723	5.8913 ms
bincode 2.0.0-rc	359.43 µs	2.4917 ms	741295	303944	257153	3.9721 ms
bincode 1.3.3	522.18 µs	2.4001 ms	1045784	373127	311761	4.8907 ms
bitcode 0.6.3	138.63 µs	1.4804 ms	703710	288826	229755	2.6015 ms
borsh 1.5.1	549.09 µs	2.4444 ms	885780	362204	286514	4.5678 ms
capnp 0.19.7	456.22 µs	†	1443216	513986	428649	6.8451 ms
cbor4ii 0.3.3	589.35 µs	4.8469 ms	1407835	403440	324081	5.1350 ms
ciborium 0.2.2	4.1384 ms	12.222 ms	1407835	403440	324081	5.3692 ms
databuf 0.5.0	272.64 µs	2.0181 ms	765778	311715	264630	4.1506 ms
dlhn 0.1.7	737.93 µs	2.5983 ms	724953	301446	253629	3.8284 ms
flatbuffers 24.3.25	1.0311 ms	†	1276368	468539	388832	5.5982 ms
msgpacker 0.4.3	1.1738 ms	2.5810 ms	764996	315291	264898	4.1837 ms
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	5.5531 ms	4.2894 ms	818669	332556	285514	4.6684 ms
nanoserde 0.1.37	266.41 µs	2.1014 ms	1045784	373127	311761	4.5693 ms
parity-scale-codec 3.6.12	649.92 µs	2.2541 ms	765778	311743	264518	4.2027 ms
postcard 1.0.10	420.33 µs	2.2383 ms	724953	302399	253747	3.8453 ms
pot 3.0.1	2.4472 ms	6.7452 ms	971922	372513	304122	5.0420 ms
prost 0.13.2	929.05 µs* 2.5967 ms*	3.5845 ms	884628	363130	315494	5.2597 ms
rkyv 0.8.5	264.55 µs	1.6030 ms* 2.1723 ms*	1011488	393526	326517	5.3003 ms
rmp-serde 1.3.0	1.3123 ms	3.3108 ms	784997	325384	278219	4.4553 ms
ron 0.8.1	12.127 ms	15.527 ms	1607459	449158	349713	6.3280 ms
savefile 0.17.7	187.21 µs	2.1982 ms	1045800	373140	311777	4.8218 ms
serde-brief 0.1.0	1.5051 ms	5.7323 ms	1584946	413733	341439	5.3606 ms
serde_bare 0.5.0	682.42 µs	2.2723 ms	765778	311715	264630	3.8662 ms
serde_cbor 0.11.2	1.9802 ms	4.9212 ms	1407835	403440	324081	4.8718 ms
serde_json 1.0.128	4.1119 ms	5.4994 ms	1827461	470560	361090	5.6963 ms
simd-json 0.13.10	2.1759 ms	4.6872 ms	1827461	470560	361090	5.7182 ms
speedy 0.8.7	199.28 µs	1.7994 ms	885780	362204	286514	4.2354 ms
wiring 0.2.2	194.26 µs	2.0111 ms	1045784	337930	276188	3.9686 ms

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
capnp 0.19.7	74.653 ns*	169.54 µs*	‡
flatbuffers 24.3.25	2.4798 ns* 2.0175 ms*	50.286 µs* 2.0440 ms*	‡
rkyv 0.8.5	1.2505 ns* 570.73 µs*	10.581 µs* 587.01 µs*	7.9317 µs*

Comparison

Relative to best. Higher is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
bilrost 0.1010.0	19.85%* 22.14%*	45.75%	80.46%	81.26%	73.70%	44.16%
bincode 2.0.0-rc	38.57%	59.41%	94.93%	95.03%	89.35%	65.49%
bincode 1.3.3	26.55%	61.68%	67.29%	77.41%	73.70%	53.19%
bitcode 0.6.3	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
borsh 1.5.1	25.25%	60.56%	79.45%	79.74%	80.19%	56.95%
capnp 0.19.7	30.39%	†	48.76%	56.19%	53.60%	38.01%
cbor4ii 0.3.3	23.52%	30.54%	49.99%	71.59%	70.89%	50.66%
ciborium 0.2.2	3.35%	12.11%	49.99%	71.59%	70.89%	48.45%
databuf 0.5.0	50.85%	73.36%	91.89%	92.66%	86.82%	62.68%
dlhn 0.1.7	18.79%	56.98%	97.07%	95.81%	90.59%	67.95%
flatbuffers 24.3.25	13.44%	†	55.13%	61.64%	59.09%	46.47%
msgpacker 0.4.3	11.81%	57.36%	91.99%	91.61%	86.73%	62.18%
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	2.50%	34.51%	85.96%	86.85%	80.47%	55.73%
nanoserde 0.1.37	52.04%	70.45%	67.29%	77.41%	73.70%	56.93%
parity-scale-codec 3.6.12	21.33%	65.68%	91.89%	92.65%	86.86%	61.90%
postcard 1.0.10	32.98%	66.14%	97.07%	95.51%	90.54%	67.65%
pot 3.0.1	5.66%	21.95%	72.40%	77.53%	75.55%	51.60%
prost 0.13.2	14.92%* 5.34%*	41.30%	79.55%	79.54%	72.82%	49.46%
rkyv 0.8.5	52.40%	92.35%* 68.15%*	69.57%	73.39%	70.37%	49.08%
rmp-serde 1.3.0	10.56%	44.71%	89.64%	88.76%	82.58%	58.39%
ron 0.8.1	1.14%	9.53%	43.78%	64.30%	65.70%	41.11%
savefile 0.17.7	74.05%	67.35%	67.29%	77.40%	73.69%	53.95%
serde-brief 0.1.0	9.21%	25.83%	44.40%	69.81%	67.29%	48.53%
serde_bare 0.5.0	20.31%	65.15%	91.89%	92.66%	86.82%	67.29%
serde_cbor 0.11.2	7.00%	30.08%	49.99%	71.59%	70.89%	53.40%
serde_json 1.0.128	3.37%	26.92%	38.51%	61.38%	63.63%	45.67%
simd-json 0.13.10	6.37%	31.58%	38.51%	61.38%	63.63%	45.50%
speedy 0.8.7	69.57%	82.27%	79.45%	79.74%	80.19%	61.42%
wiring 0.2.2	71.36%	73.61%	67.29%	85.47%	83.19%	65.55%

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
capnp 0.19.7	1.68%*	6.24%*	‡
flatbuffers 24.3.25	50.43%* 0.00%*	21.04%* 0.52%*	‡
rkyv 0.8.5	100.00%* 0.00%*	100.00%* 1.80%*	100.00%*

mesh

This data set is a single mesh. The mesh contains an array of triangles, each of which has three vertices and a normal vector.

Raw data

For operations, time per iteration; for size, bytes. Lower is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
bilrost 0.1010.0	6.6636 ms* 8.5503 ms*	9.1340 ms	8625005	6443961	6231572	72.344 ms
bincode 2.0.0-rc	2.8621 ms	1.0202 ms	6000005	5378497	5345897	7.7182 ms
bincode 1.3.3	4.9006 ms	5.8036 ms	6000008	5378500	5345890	7.4831 ms
bitcode 0.6.3	1.4421 ms	806.03 µs	6000006	5182295	4923880	12.587 ms
borsh 1.5.1	6.1241 ms	4.1953 ms	6000004	5378496	5345889	7.4386 ms
capnp 0.19.7	5.3219 ms	†	14000088	7130367	6051062	78.977 ms
cbor4ii 0.3.3	10.014 ms	48.591 ms	13125016	7524114	6757967	94.723 ms
ciborium 0.2.2	68.765 ms	118.45 ms	13122324	7524660	6759658	91.963 ms
databuf 0.5.0	2.3983 ms	5.2792 ms	6000003	5378495	5345900	7.7154 ms
dlhn 0.1.7	6.4214 ms	6.7573 ms	6000003	5378495	5345900	7.7613 ms
flatbuffers 24.3.25	855.42 µs	†	6000024	5378434	5345910	8.5761 ms
msgpacker 0.4.3	18.687 ms	5.2360 ms	7500005	6058442	6014337	9.9539 ms
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	127.28 ms	32.854 ms	8125037	6493484	6386940	71.836 ms
nanoserde 0.1.37	1.3541 ms	1.0685 ms	6000008	5378500	5345890	7.7353 ms
parity-scale-codec 3.6.12	5.0760 ms	4.5511 ms	6000004	5378496	5345889	7.6358 ms
postcard 1.0.10	507.76 µs	1.2025 ms	6000003	5378495	5345900	7.5803 ms
pot 3.0.1	41.837 ms	75.850 ms	10122342	6814618	6852251	91.376 ms
prost 0.13.2	7.7785 ms* 8.9195 ms*	13.175 ms	8750000	6665735	6421871	73.689 ms
rkyv 0.8.5	238.69 µs	150.11 µs* 149.32 µs*	6000008	5378500	5345892	7.5156 ms
rmp-serde 1.3.0	15.853 ms	18.250 ms	8125006	6494876	6391037	71.465 ms
ron 0.8.1	174.81 ms	237.38 ms	22192885	8970395	8138755	146.89 ms
savefile 0.17.7	244.11 µs	245.04 µs	6000024	5378513	5345893	8.1522 ms
serde-brief 0.1.0	22.878 ms	39.662 ms	15750015	8024540	6816643	96.049 ms
serde_bare 0.5.0	6.1713 ms	4.7317 ms	6000003	5378495	5345900	8.0037 ms
serde_cbor 0.11.2	33.977 ms	47.845 ms	13122324	7524660	6759658	98.134 ms
serde_json 1.0.128	88.331 ms	86.233 ms	26192883	9566084	8586741	151.81 ms
simd-json 0.13.10	53.246 ms	73.087 ms	26192883	9566084	8586741	151.90 ms
speedy 0.8.7	238.67 µs	585.49 µs	6000004	5378496	5345889	8.1618 ms
wiring 0.2.2	149.70 µs	319.78 µs	6000008	5378952	5345894	8.5669 ms

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
capnp 0.19.7	105.84 ns*	2.1349 ms*	‡
flatbuffers 24.3.25	2.4744 ns* 40.100 ns*	53.964 µs* 77.362 µs*	‡
rkyv 0.8.5	1.2371 ns* 5.2754 ns*	48.319 µs* 38.770 µs*	79.354 µs*

Comparison

Relative to best. Higher is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
bilrost 0.1010.0	2.25%* 1.75%*	1.63%	69.57%	80.42%	79.02%	10.28%
bincode 2.0.0-rc	5.23%	14.64%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	96.38%
bincode 1.3.3	3.05%	2.57%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	99.41%
bitcode 0.6.3	10.38%	18.53%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	59.10%
borsh 1.5.1	2.44%	3.56%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	100.00%
capnp 0.19.7	2.81%	†	42.86%	72.68%	81.37%	9.42%
cbor4ii 0.3.3	1.49%	0.31%	45.71%	68.88%	72.86%	7.85%
ciborium 0.2.2	0.22%	0.13%	45.72%	68.87%	72.84%	8.09%
databuf 0.5.0	6.24%	2.83%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	96.41%
dlhn 0.1.7	2.33%	2.21%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	95.84%
flatbuffers 24.3.25	17.50%	†	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	86.74%
msgpacker 0.4.3	0.80%	2.85%	80.00%	85.54%	81.87%	74.73%
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	0.12%	0.45%	73.85%	79.81%	77.09%	10.35%
nanoserde 0.1.37	11.06%	13.97%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	96.16%
parity-scale-codec 3.6.12	2.95%	3.28%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	97.42%
postcard 1.0.10	29.48%	12.42%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	98.13%
pot 3.0.1	0.36%	0.20%	59.27%	76.05%	71.86%	8.14%
prost 0.13.2	1.92%* 1.68%*	1.13%	68.57%	77.75%	76.67%	10.09%
rkyv 0.8.5	62.72%	99.47%* 100.00%*	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	98.98%
rmp-serde 1.3.0	0.94%	0.82%	73.85%	79.79%	77.04%	10.41%
ron 0.8.1	0.09%	0.06%	27.04%	57.77%	60.50%	5.06%
savefile 0.17.7	61.32%	60.94%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	91.25%
serde-brief 0.1.0	0.65%	0.38%	38.10%	64.58%	72.23%	7.74%
serde_bare 0.5.0	2.43%	3.16%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	92.94%
serde_cbor 0.11.2	0.44%	0.31%	45.72%	68.87%	72.84%	7.58%
serde_json 1.0.128	0.17%	0.17%	22.91%	54.17%	57.34%	4.90%
simd-json 0.13.10	0.28%	0.20%	22.91%	54.17%	57.34%	4.90%
speedy 0.8.7	62.72%	25.50%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	91.14%
wiring 0.2.2	100.00%	46.69%	100.00%	96.34%	92.11%	86.83%

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
capnp 0.19.7	1.17%*	1.82%*	‡
flatbuffers 24.3.25	50.00%* 3.09%*	71.84%* 50.12%*	‡
rkyv 0.8.5	100.00%* 23.45%*	80.24%* 100.00%*	100.00%*

minecraft_savedata

This data set is composed of Minecraft player saves that contain highly structured data.

Raw data

For operations, time per iteration; for size, bytes. Lower is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
bilrost 0.1010.0	956.15 µs* 846.30 µs*	3.2173 ms	489348	281173	249546	3.0684 ms
bincode 2.0.0-rc	332.51 µs	2.1307 ms	367413	221291	206273	2.5057 ms
bincode 1.3.3	590.20 µs	1.8495 ms	569975	240525	232423	2.8948 ms
bitcode 0.6.3	132.64 µs	1.2660 ms	327688	200947	182736	762.32 µs
borsh 1.5.1	549.87 µs	1.8444 ms	446595	234236	210008	2.4694 ms
capnp 0.19.7	462.49 µs	†	803896	335606	280851	3.9281 ms
cbor4ii 0.3.3	784.17 µs	4.6461 ms	1109831	344745	274514	3.8443 ms
ciborium 0.2.2	3.7028 ms	10.397 ms	1109821	344751	274526	3.8450 ms
databuf 0.5.0	326.68 µs	1.7623 ms	356311	213062	198488	2.3799 ms
dlhn 0.1.7	805.07 µs	2.6167 ms	366496	220600	205683	2.4958 ms
flatbuffers 24.3.25	3.3027 ms	†	844168	345696	294015	3.9107 ms
msgpacker 0.4.3	917.07 µs	2.8234 ms	391251	236877	220476	2.6238 ms
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	5.3496 ms	3.9511 ms	449745	252432	231110	2.8342 ms
nanoserde 0.1.37	308.54 µs	1.8994 ms	567975	239930	232419	2.8804 ms
parity-scale-codec 3.6.12	600.16 µs	1.9765 ms	356311	212976	198524	2.3963 ms
postcard 1.0.10	443.62 µs	1.9896 ms	367489	221913	207344	2.4758 ms
pot 3.0.1	2.4611 ms	6.0389 ms	599125	299158	247693	3.1764 ms
prost 0.13.2	1.2450 ms* 2.9574 ms*	3.5215 ms	596811	305319	269310	3.4703 ms
rkyv 0.8.5	337.18 µs	1.5118 ms* 2.0260 ms*	603776	254776	220087	2.7852 ms
rmp-serde 1.3.0	1.4308 ms	3.0412 ms	424533	245214	226188	2.6972 ms
ron 0.8.1	7.1032 ms	16.341 ms	1465223	434935	343338	5.9049 ms
savefile 0.17.7	211.67 µs	1.8514 ms	566991	239361	232013	2.8855 ms
serde-brief 0.1.0	1.3659 ms	5.2834 ms	1276014	373898	293679	4.0709 ms
serde_bare 0.5.0	747.89 µs	2.3256 ms	356311	213062	198488	2.3908 ms
serde_cbor 0.11.2	1.8585 ms	4.6814 ms	1109821	344751	274526	3.8568 ms
serde_json 1.0.128	3.9913 ms	6.4631 ms	1623191	466527	359623	6.0955 ms
simd-json 0.13.10	2.2427 ms	4.5292 ms	1623191	466527	359623	6.0373 ms
speedy 0.8.7	281.61 µs	1.6044 ms	449595	234970	210361	2.4787 ms
wiring 0.2.2	221.12 µs	1.8093 ms	566975	247810	225259	2.8966 ms

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
capnp 0.19.7	74.556 ns*	420.03 ns*	‡
flatbuffers 24.3.25	2.4741 ns* 2.2245 ms*	1.3562 µs* 2.4888 ms*	‡
rkyv 0.8.5	1.2374 ns* 511.42 µs*	239.62 ns* 500.70 µs*	716.06 ns*

Comparison

Relative to best. Higher is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
bilrost 0.1010.0	13.87%* 15.67%*	39.35%	66.96%	71.47%	73.23%	24.84%
bincode 2.0.0-rc	39.89%	59.42%	89.19%	90.81%	88.59%	30.42%
bincode 1.3.3	22.47%	68.45%	57.49%	83.55%	78.62%	26.33%
bitcode 0.6.3	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
borsh 1.5.1	24.12%	68.64%	73.37%	85.79%	87.01%	30.87%
capnp 0.19.7	28.68%	†	40.76%	59.88%	65.07%	19.41%
cbor4ii 0.3.3	16.91%	27.25%	29.53%	58.29%	66.57%	19.83%
ciborium 0.2.2	3.58%	12.18%	29.53%	58.29%	66.56%	19.83%
databuf 0.5.0	40.60%	71.84%	91.97%	94.31%	92.06%	32.03%
dlhn 0.1.7	16.48%	48.38%	89.41%	91.09%	88.84%	30.54%
flatbuffers 24.3.25	4.02%	†	38.82%	58.13%	62.15%	19.49%
msgpacker 0.4.3	14.46%	44.84%	83.75%	84.83%	82.88%	29.05%
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	2.48%	32.04%	72.86%	79.60%	79.07%	26.90%
nanoserde 0.1.37	42.99%	66.65%	57.69%	83.75%	78.62%	26.47%
parity-scale-codec 3.6.12	22.10%	64.05%	91.97%	94.35%	92.05%	31.81%
postcard 1.0.10	29.90%	63.63%	89.17%	90.55%	88.13%	30.79%
pot 3.0.1	5.39%	20.96%	54.69%	67.17%	73.78%	24.00%
prost 0.13.2	10.65%* 4.49%*	35.95%	54.91%	65.82%	67.85%	21.97%
rkyv 0.8.5	39.34%	83.74%* 62.49%*	54.27%	78.87%	83.03%	27.37%
rmp-serde 1.3.0	9.27%	41.63%	77.19%	81.95%	80.79%	28.26%
ron 0.8.1	1.87%	7.75%	22.36%	46.20%	53.22%	12.91%
savefile 0.17.7	62.66%	68.38%	57.79%	83.95%	78.76%	26.42%
serde-brief 0.1.0	9.71%	23.96%	25.68%	53.74%	62.22%	18.73%
serde_bare 0.5.0	17.74%	54.44%	91.97%	94.31%	92.06%	31.89%
serde_cbor 0.11.2	7.14%	27.04%	29.53%	58.29%	66.56%	19.77%
serde_json 1.0.128	3.32%	19.59%	20.19%	43.07%	50.81%	12.51%
simd-json 0.13.10	5.91%	27.95%	20.19%	43.07%	50.81%	12.63%
speedy 0.8.7	47.10%	78.91%	72.89%	85.52%	86.87%	30.75%
wiring 0.2.2	59.99%	69.97%	57.80%	81.09%	81.12%	26.32%

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
capnp 0.19.7	1.66%*	57.05%*	‡
flatbuffers 24.3.25	50.01%* 0.00%*	17.67%* 0.01%*	‡
rkyv 0.8.5	100.00%* 0.00%*	100.00%* 0.05%*	100.00%*

mk48

This data set is composed of mk48.io game updates that contain data with many exploitable patterns and invariants.

Raw data

For operations, time per iteration; for size, bytes. Lower is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
bilrost 0.1010.0	4.4452 ms* 2.4551 ms*	8.5307 ms	1664428	1264167	1216472	10.994 ms
bincode 2.0.0-rc	1.4224 ms	3.6393 ms	1372381	1091486	1037296	8.8427 ms
bincode 1.3.3	3.7645 ms	4.2802 ms	1811011	1115281	1025627	9.7781 ms
bitcode 0.6.3	703.53 µs	2.3197 ms	948499	857321	837658	3.1612 ms
borsh 1.5.1	2.8129 ms	2.8549 ms	1486162	1082357	1013550	9.5717 ms
capnp 0.19.7	2.1674 ms	†	2664040	1511895	1212087	13.806 ms
cbor4ii 0.3.3	3.2351 ms	17.439 ms	5878791	1655835	1431390	20.591 ms
ciborium 0.2.2	23.372 ms	54.463 ms	5878653	1655791	1431560	20.724 ms
databuf 0.5.0	1.2707 ms	3.7162 ms	1288257	1037579	984337	8.4515 ms
dlhn 0.1.7	4.8860 ms	7.5668 ms	1279599	1052061	1021161	8.1009 ms
flatbuffers 24.3.25	5.2771 ms	†	2273740	1408408	1235566	12.658 ms
msgpacker 0.4.3	2.7729 ms	6.6024 ms	1424043	1128758	1110156	9.4264 ms
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	29.813 ms	17.514 ms	1728519	1247642	1233323	11.561 ms
nanoserde 0.1.37	1.2295 ms	2.9181 ms	1770477	1108304	1029947	10.014 ms
parity-scale-codec 3.6.12	2.8216 ms	3.1301 ms	1288257	1039269	986510	8.5630 ms
postcard 1.0.10	1.9181 ms	4.2494 ms	1279599	1058243	1016738	8.2941 ms
pot 3.0.1	13.900 ms	29.841 ms	2544810	1447453	1268390	15.080 ms
prost 0.13.2	5.2813 ms* 9.1632 ms*	8.4194 ms	1818378	1307777	1266311	11.648 ms
rkyv 0.8.5	1.0203 ms	2.1646 ms* 2.5860 ms*	2029080	1351984	1183990	12.265 ms
rmp-serde 1.3.0	10.064 ms	10.940 ms	1703813	1231892	1200208	10.874 ms
ron 0.8.1	36.014 ms	89.821 ms	8476284	2181196	1783971	33.458 ms
savefile 0.17.7	809.12 µs	2.7223 ms	1750226	1101682	1027828	10.027 ms
serde-brief 0.1.0	6.6090 ms	21.259 ms	6796949	1754624	1533223	22.717 ms
serde_bare 0.5.0	4.7388 ms	4.7526 ms	1288257	1037597	984356	8.5428 ms
serde_cbor 0.11.2	9.6980 ms	20.936 ms	5878653	1655791	1431560	20.501 ms
serde_json 1.0.128	21.736 ms	29.690 ms	9175594	2334253	1800713	33.383 ms
simd-json 0.13.10	11.644 ms	26.770 ms	9175594	2334253	1800713	33.486 ms
speedy 0.8.7	710.74 µs	2.4039 ms	1546963	1093532	1013443	9.7296 ms
wiring 0.2.2	695.66 µs	2.7367 ms	1750210	1129857	1058906	10.393 ms

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
capnp 0.19.7	74.606 ns*	712.85 ns*	‡
flatbuffers 24.3.25	2.4743 ns* 4.6570 ms*	2.6279 µs* 4.8984 ms*	‡
rkyv 0.8.5	1.2369 ns* 434.66 µs*	433.46 ns* 437.38 µs*	234.17 ns*

Comparison

Relative to best. Higher is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
bilrost 0.1010.0	15.65%* 28.34%*	25.37%	56.99%	67.82%	68.86%	28.75%
bincode 2.0.0-rc	48.91%	59.48%	69.11%	78.55%	80.75%	35.75%
bincode 1.3.3	18.48%	50.57%	52.37%	76.87%	81.67%	32.33%
bitcode 0.6.3	98.88%	93.31%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
borsh 1.5.1	24.73%	75.82%	63.82%	79.21%	82.65%	33.03%
capnp 0.19.7	32.10%	†	35.60%	56.71%	69.11%	22.90%
cbor4ii 0.3.3	21.50%	12.41%	16.13%	51.78%	58.52%	15.35%
ciborium 0.2.2	2.98%	3.97%	16.13%	51.78%	58.51%	15.25%
databuf 0.5.0	54.75%	58.25%	73.63%	82.63%	85.10%	37.40%
dlhn 0.1.7	14.24%	28.61%	74.12%	81.49%	82.03%	39.02%
flatbuffers 24.3.25	13.18%	†	41.72%	60.87%	67.80%	24.97%
msgpacker 0.4.3	25.09%	32.79%	66.61%	75.95%	75.45%	33.54%
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	2.33%	12.36%	54.87%	68.72%	67.92%	27.34%
nanoserde 0.1.37	56.58%	74.18%	53.57%	77.35%	81.33%	31.57%
parity-scale-codec 3.6.12	24.65%	69.15%	73.63%	82.49%	84.91%	36.92%
postcard 1.0.10	36.27%	50.94%	74.12%	81.01%	82.39%	38.11%
pot 3.0.1	5.00%	7.25%	37.27%	59.23%	66.04%	20.96%
prost 0.13.2	13.17%* 7.59%*	25.71%	52.16%	65.56%	66.15%	27.14%
rkyv 0.8.5	68.18%	100.00%* 83.70%*	46.75%	63.41%	70.75%	25.77%
rmp-serde 1.3.0	6.91%	19.79%	55.67%	69.59%	69.79%	29.07%
ron 0.8.1	1.93%	2.41%	11.19%	39.31%	46.95%	9.45%
savefile 0.17.7	85.98%	79.51%	54.19%	77.82%	81.50%	31.53%
serde-brief 0.1.0	10.53%	10.18%	13.95%	48.86%	54.63%	13.92%
serde_bare 0.5.0	14.68%	45.55%	73.63%	82.63%	85.10%	37.00%
serde_cbor 0.11.2	7.17%	10.34%	16.13%	51.78%	58.51%	15.42%
serde_json 1.0.128	3.20%	7.29%	10.34%	36.73%	46.52%	9.47%
simd-json 0.13.10	5.97%	8.09%	10.34%	36.73%	46.52%	9.44%
speedy 0.8.7	97.88%	90.05%	61.31%	78.40%	82.65%	32.49%
wiring 0.2.2	100.00%	79.10%	54.19%	75.88%	79.11%	30.42%

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
capnp 0.19.7	1.66%*	60.81%*	‡
flatbuffers 24.3.25	49.99%* 0.00%*	16.49%* 0.01%*	‡
rkyv 0.8.5	100.00%* 0.00%*	100.00%* 0.10%*	100.00%*

Footnotes:

* mouse over for situational details

† do not provide deserialization capabilities, but the user can write their own

‡ do not support buffer mutation (capnp and flatbuffers may but not for rust)