feat: simplify HealthCheckService

[paullatzelsperger]

What this PR changes/adds

This PR simplifies and refactors the health check feature in the following aspects:

• the HealthCheckService does not cache results anymore, to avoid additional latencies, and potentially wrong system health status
• the HealthCheckResult#component field is now mandatory, because it makes no sense to have unnamed component results
• static factory methods of the HealthCheckResult are deprecated in favor of the Builder as they don't enforce the non-nullness of the component field
• delets the HealthCheckServiceConfiguration at it is not needed anymore

Why it does that

Caching health results may increase the responsiveness of the caller (e.g. Kubernetes probes), but will ultimately introduce an additional delay, and convey a potentially wrong system picture: components don't show up in the overall result unless either refresh() was called, or the next update cycle had gone through.
Configuring periods, delays etc. should be up to the caller, not the health check system.

Further notes

• This new immediate health check status was applied to the DataplaneSelfRegistrationExtension to have K8S kill the pod if the self-registration fails.

Linked Issue(s)

Closes # <-- insert Issue number if one exists

Please be sure to take a look at the contributing guidelines and our etiquette for pull requests.

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 79.48718% with 8 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 75.35%. Comparing base (7f20ba5) to head (3c68b72).
Report is 277 commits behind head on main.

Files	Patch %	Lines
...gistration/DataplaneSelfRegistrationExtension.java	80.95%	4 Missing ⚠️
...lipse/edc/spi/system/health/HealthCheckResult.java	0.00%	3 Missing ⚠️
...va/org/eclipse/edc/boot/BootServicesExtension.java	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️

❗ Your organization needs to install the Codecov GitHub app to enable full functionality.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #4218      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   71.74%   75.35%   +3.61%     
==========================================
  Files         919     1039     +120     
  Lines       18457    20636    +2179     
  Branches     1037     1152     +115     
==========================================
+ Hits        13242    15551    +2309     
+ Misses       4756     4574     -182     
- Partials      459      511      +52     

☔ View full report in Codecov by Sentry.
📢 Have feedback on the report? Share it here.