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egeerardyn committed May 10, 2016
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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion ch01-intro/introduction.tex
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Expand Up @@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ \subsection{Contributions}
However, the signal should ensure that systems in different frequency bands can be identified with a specified level of accuracy.
\end{question}

\begin{question}[Which non-parametric method should be used for an \gls{FRF}?]
\begin{question}[Which non-parametric method should be used for a \gls{FRF}?]
Developing a full parametric model for complicated systems requires considerable effort.
Instead, could we leverage non-parametric or locally parametric approaches to obtain insight in the behavior of the system?
Methods such as the \gls{LPM} and \gls{LRM} can offer good results.
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13 changes: 8 additions & 5 deletions ch05-initvals/figs/oesetup.tikz
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Expand Up @@ -2,19 +2,22 @@
\tikzstyle{sum} = [draw,circle,inner sep=0mm,minimum size=2mm]
\tikzstyle{input} = []
\tikzstyle{output} = []
\tikzstyle{pinstyle} = [pin edge={<-,black}]
\tikzstyle{pinstyle} = [pin edge={<-,black},color=black]

\begin{tikzpicture}[auto, node distance=2cm,>=latex]

\node [near start] (input) {$u_0(t)$};
\node [block, right of=input] (system) {$G_0(q^{-1})$};
\node [near start] (input) {$\true{u}(t)$};
\node [block, right of=input] (system) {$\true{G}(q^{-1})$};
\node [sum, right of=system,
pin={[pinstyle]above:$v(t)$},
node distance=2.2cm] (sum) {\footnotesize$+$};
\node [right of=sum, node distance=1.3cm] (output) {$y(t)$};

\node [above of=sum, node distance=1.3cm] (noise) {$v(t)$};

\draw [->] (input) -- (system);
\draw [->] (system) -- node[name=y0] {$y_0(t)$} (sum);
\draw [->] (system) -- node[name=y0] {$\true{y}(t)$} (sum);
\draw [->] (sum) -- (output);

\draw [->] (noise) -- (sum);

\end{tikzpicture}
17 changes: 11 additions & 6 deletions ch05-initvals/initial-values.tex
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Expand Up @@ -29,7 +29,12 @@ \section{Introduction}
The main aim and contribution of this chapter is to demonstrate that smoothing a measured \gls{FRF} non-parametrically, helps to avoid local optima during the parametric estimation of the \gls{MLE} of a transfer function, using classical (deterministic) optimization algorithms.
Hence, such techniques make it possible to increase the ``success rate'' (i.e. the probability that a good model, or even the global optimum, is obtained) of such a system identification step considerably.

In particular, two different smoothing techniques --- the time-truncated \gls{LPM}~\citep{Lumori2014TIM} and the \gls{RFIR}~\citep{Pillonetto2010,Chen2012} --- are tested for different \glspl{SNR} and different measurement record lengths of the input/output data of a few \gls{SISO} \gls{LTI} systems.
In particular, two different smoothing techniques:
\begin{itemize}
\item the time-truncated \gls{LPM}~\citep{Lumori2014TIM}, and
\item the \gls{RFIR}~\citep{Pillonetto2010,Chen2012}
\end{itemize}
are tested for different \glspl{SNR} and different measurement record lengths of the input/output data of a few \gls{SISO} \gls{LTI} systems.
These are compared with the existing initialization schemes, namely: (i) the \gls{GTLS}, and (ii) the \gls{BTLS}.

\paragraph{Outline}
Expand All @@ -50,10 +55,10 @@ \subsection{System Framework and Model}
\figref{fig:oesetup} depicts a schematic of the output error framework for a generalized (single- or multiple-order) resonating, dynamic \gls{LTI} discrete-time \gls{SISO} system, subjected to a known white random noise input.
The full model of the system is
\begin{equation}
y(t)=\true{G}(q^{-1})u_0(t)+H_0(q^{-1})e(t)
y(t)=\true{G}(q^{-1})\true{u}(t)+\true{H}(q^{-1})e(t)
\label{eq:initial-values:OE:TD}
\end{equation}
where $\true{G}(q^{-1})$ represents the dynamics of the system to be estimated, $u_0(t)$ is the input signal, $v(t)= H_0(q^{-1})e(t)$ is the noise source at the output, $H_0(q^{-1})$ is the noise dynamics,
where $\true{G}(q^{-1})$ represents the dynamics of the system to be estimated, $\true{u}(t)$ is the input signal, $v(t)= \true{H}(q^{-1})e(t)$ is the noise source at the output, $\true{H}(q^{-1})$ is the noise dynamics,
$e(t)$ is white Gaussian noise, and $q^{-m}$ is the backwards shift operator ($q^{-m}x(t)$ = $x(t-mT_{\mathrm{s}})$ with $m$ a positive integer and $T_{\mathrm{s}}$ the sampling time).
We only treat the discrete-time case (i.e. $t = n \cdot T_{\mathrm{s}}$ for integer values of $n$) theoretically in this chapter.
However, the generalization to continuous time is straightforward~\citep[Chapter 6]{Pintelon2012} and has been demonstrated in Section~\ref{sec:initial-values:ExpMeas}.
Expand All @@ -71,7 +76,7 @@ \subsection{System Framework and Model}

With reference to equation \eqref{eq:initial-values:OE:TD}, the relation between the noiseless input and the output signals ($v(t)= 0$) is assumed to be of the form
\begin{equation}
A(q^{-1}) y_0(t) = B(q^{-1}) u_0(t) \quad \forall t \in n \Ts{} \text{ with } n \in \IntegerNumbers
A(q^{-1}) \true{y}(t) = B(q^{-1}) \true{u}(t) \quad \forall t \in n \Ts{} \text{ with } n \in \IntegerNumbers
\label{ABpolys}
\end{equation}
where $A$ and $B$ are polynomials in $q^{-1}$.
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -420,9 +425,9 @@ \subsection{The System Under Consideration}
\begin{equation}
\mathrm{SNR}
= \frac{\sigma_v}
{\rms{y_0}}
{\rms{\true{y}}}
\approx \frac{\sigma_{v}}
{\left\| \true{G} \right\|_2 \rms{u_0}}
{\left\| \true{G} \right\|_2 \rms{\true{u}}}
= \frac{\sigma_{v}}
{\left\| \true{G} \right\|_2}
\label{eq:SNR-definition}
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