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Record SLM history into an index #41707

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gwbrown
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@gwbrown gwbrown commented Apr 30, 2019

It is useful to have a record of the actions that Snapshot Lifecycle
Management takes, especially for the purposes of alerting when a
snapshot fails or has not been taken successfully for a certain amount of
time.

This adds the infrastructure to record SLM actions into an index that
can be queried at leisure, along with a lifecycle policy so that this
history does not grow without bound.

It is useful to have a record of the actions that Snapshot Lifecycle
Management takes, especially for the purposes of alerting when a
snapshot fails or has not been taken sucessfully for a certain amount of
time.

This adds the infrastracture to record SLM actions into an index that
can be queried at leisure, along with a lifecycle policy so that this
history does not grow without bound.
@gwbrown gwbrown added the :Data Management/ILM+SLM Index and Snapshot lifecycle management label Apr 30, 2019
@gwbrown gwbrown requested a review from dakrone April 30, 2019 23:57
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Pinging @elastic/es-core-features


public class SnapshotHistoryStore implements ClusterStateListener {
private static final Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(SnapshotHistoryStore.class);
private static final DateFormatter indexTimeFormat = DateFormatter.forPattern("yyyy.MM");
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This is written to use monthly indices at the moment because it's likely that this index will have a very low volume of writes - I expect ~1/day to be common, and even the relatively high-volume usage of taking a snapshot every 30m would only produce a maximum of ~1500/month. Even 10 times that is still a small number of documents for one index.

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Thanks Gordon! I took a look and left some comments on this.

I do have one overall comment though, I think subclassing SnapshotHistoryItem is getting a little too over complicated for what it is. I think instead we should collapse SnapshotCreationHistoryItem back into SnapshotHistoryItem and just have a "type" field that is creation or (eventually) deletion. Not subclassing also means we don't have to try and keep a mapping up to date with a base class plus whatever fields a subclass would happen to add. This should simplify it a bit and make it easier to read also.

import static org.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchException.REST_EXCEPTION_SKIP_STACK_TRACE;

public class SnapshotCreationHistoryItem extends SnapshotHistoryItem {
private static final String CREATE_OPERATION = "CREATE";
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I assume this is for later when we have a DELETE operation also with retention?

@dakrone dakrone mentioned this pull request May 2, 2019
19 tasks
@gwbrown gwbrown marked this pull request as ready for review May 8, 2019 00:15
@gwbrown gwbrown requested review from jakelandis and hub-cap May 8, 2019 00:16
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Overall looks good !

Wanted to double check on a couple of the test classes if they could be implemented with mockito instead. Ideally we should avoid subclassing real objects for verification purposes if mocks can offer the same level of verification.

this.snapshotName = Objects.requireNonNull(snapshotName);
this.operation = Objects.requireNonNull(operation);
this.success = success;
this.snapshotConfiguration = Objects.requireNonNull(snapshotConfiguration);
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this can't contain any sensitive information right ?

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The only information the snapshot configuration will contain is:

  1. the list of included indices,
  2. Some boolean flags (include_global_state, partial, ignore_unavailable, etc)
  3. Once Add custom metadata to snapshots #41281 is merged, arbitrary metadata

So the only way this would contain sensitive information is if the user attaches it in the metadata, and there's not much we can do about that.

"mappings": {
"_doc": {
"_meta": {
"slm-history-version": "${xpack.slm.template.version}"
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minor: is this needed ? I think this can be inferred from the index name or index settings -> index.format

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Good point, I can remove this - I think this is just a holdover from copying the Watcher history template (and Watcher does use this field, but SLM does not).

/**
* A client that delegates to a verifying function for action/request/listener
*/
public static class VerifyingClient extends NoOpClient {
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Can you help me understand why not use a mock client for this verification ?

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I actually used mocks in the first version of this PR, but in his review @dakrone recommended pretty strongly that we move away from mocks (#41707 (comment) and #41707 (comment)).

I removed the mocks in favor of the subclassing approach in 483cd51 and ea8b159 - I don't personally have strong feelings about this, and can see advantages to both approaches.

This seems to be something that warrants more discussion in a higher-bandwidth forum, so would you be okay with this going in with the subclassing for now, pending changes after that discussion? It ought to be pretty easy to convert back to mocks if that's the path we decide we want to take.

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Sounds good. Let's not block this PR on that discussion.

@@ -203,4 +226,19 @@ private SnapshotLifecyclePolicyMetadata makePolicyMeta(final String id) {
.setModifiedDate(1)
.build();
}

public static class VerifyingHistoryStore extends SnapshotHistoryStore {
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Could a mock + ArgumentCaptor work here ?

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Yes, but see comment at #41707 (comment)

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LGTM

gwbrown added 3 commits May 8, 2019 16:43
SLM automatically setting up an index + lifecycle policy leads to
`index_lifecycle` custom metadata in the cluster state, which some of
the ML tests don't know how to deal with due to setting up custom
`NamedXContentRegistry`s.  Watcher would cause the same problem, but it
is already disabled (for the same reason).
@gwbrown gwbrown merged commit d0973fc into elastic:snapshot-lifecycle-management May 10, 2019
dakrone added a commit that referenced this pull request Jul 15, 2019
* Add SnapshotLifecycleService and related CRUD APIs

This commit adds `SnapshotLifecycleService` as a new service under the ilm
plugin. This service handles snapshot lifecycle policies by scheduling based on
the policies defined schedule.

This also includes the get, put, and delete APIs for these policies

Relates to #38461

* Make scheduledJobIds return an immutable set

* Use Object.equals for SnapshotLifecyclePolicy

* Remove unneeded TODO

* Implement ToXContentFragment on SnapshotLifecyclePolicyItem

* Copy contents of the scheduledJobIds

* Handle snapshot lifecycle policy updates and deletions (#40062)

(Note this is a PR against the `snapshot-lifecycle-management` feature branch)

This adds logic to `SnapshotLifecycleService` to handle updates and deletes for
snapshot policies. Policies with incremented versions have the old policy
cancelled and the new one scheduled. Deleted policies have their schedules
cancelled when they are no longer present in the cluster state metadata.

Relates to #38461

* Take a snapshot for the policy when the SLM policy is triggered (#40383)

(This is a PR for the `snapshot-lifecycle-management` branch)

This commit fills in `SnapshotLifecycleTask` to actually perform the
snapshotting when the policy is triggered. Currently there is no handling of the
results (other than logging) as that will be added in subsequent work.

This also adds unit tests and an integration test that schedules a policy and
ensures that a snapshot is correctly taken.

Relates to #38461

* Record most recent snapshot policy success/failure (#40619)

Keeping a record of the results of the successes and failures will aid
troubleshooting of policies and make users more confident that their
snapshots are being taken as expected.

This is the first step toward writing history in a more permanent
fashion.

* Validate snapshot lifecycle policies (#40654)

(This is a PR against the `snapshot-lifecycle-management` branch)

With the commit, we now validate the content of snapshot lifecycle policies when
the policy is being created or updated. This checks for the validity of the id,
name, schedule, and repository. Additionally, cluster state is checked to ensure
that the repository exists prior to the lifecycle being added to the cluster
state.

Part of #38461

* Hook SLM into ILM's start and stop APIs (#40871)

(This pull request is for the `snapshot-lifecycle-management` branch)

This change allows the existing `/_ilm/stop` and `/_ilm/start` APIs to also
manage snapshot lifecycle scheduling. When ILM is stopped all scheduled jobs are
cancelled.

Relates to #38461

* Add tests for SnapshotLifecyclePolicyItem (#40912)

Adds serialization tests for SnapshotLifecyclePolicyItem.

* Fix improper import in build.gradle after master merge

* Add human readable version of modified date for snapshot lifecycle policy (#41035)

* Add human readable version of modified date for snapshot lifecycle policy

This small change changes it from:

```
...
"modified_date": 1554843903242,
...
```

To

```
...
"modified_date" : "2019-04-09T21:05:03.242Z",
"modified_date_millis" : 1554843903242,
...
```

Including the `"modified_date"` field when the `?human` field is used.

Relates to #38461

* Fix test

* Add API to execute SLM policy on demand (#41038)

This commit adds the ability to perform a snapshot on demand for a policy. This
can be useful to take a snapshot immediately prior to performing some sort of
maintenance.

```json
PUT /_ilm/snapshot/<policy>/_execute
```

And it returns the response with the generated snapshot name:

```json
{
  "snapshot_name" : "production-snap-2019.04.09-rfyv3j9qreixkdbnfuw0ug"
}
```

Note that this does not allow waiting for the snapshot, and the snapshot could
still fail. It *does* record this information into the cluster state similar to
a regularly trigged SLM job.

Relates to #38461

* Add next_execution to SLM policy metadata (#41221)

* Add next_execution to SLM policy metadata

This adds the next time a snapshot lifecycle policy will be executed when
retriving a policy's metadata, for example:

```json
GET /_ilm/snapshot?human
{
  "production" : {
    "version" : 1,
    "modified_date" : "2019-04-15T21:16:21.865Z",
    "modified_date_millis" : 1555362981865,
    "policy" : {
      "name" : "<production-snap-{now/d}>",
      "schedule" : "*/30 * * * * ?",
      "repository" : "repo",
      "config" : {
        "indices" : [
          "foo-*",
          "important"
        ],
        "ignore_unavailable" : true,
        "include_global_state" : false
      }
    },
    "next_execution" : "2019-04-15T21:16:30.000Z",
    "next_execution_millis" : 1555362990000
  },
  "other" : {
    "version" : 1,
    "modified_date" : "2019-04-15T21:12:19.959Z",
    "modified_date_millis" : 1555362739959,
    "policy" : {
      "name" : "<other-snap-{now/d}>",
      "schedule" : "0 30 2 * * ?",
      "repository" : "repo",
      "config" : {
        "indices" : [
          "other"
        ],
        "ignore_unavailable" : false,
        "include_global_state" : true
      }
    },
    "next_execution" : "2019-04-16T02:30:00.000Z",
    "next_execution_millis" : 1555381800000
  }
}
```

Relates to #38461

* Fix and enhance tests

* Figured out how to Cron

* Change SLM endpoint from /_ilm/* to /_slm/* (#41320)

This commit changes the endpoint for snapshot lifecycle management from:

```
GET /_ilm/snapshot/<policy>
```

to:

```
GET /_slm/policy/<policy>
```

It mimics the ILM path only using `slm` instead of `ilm`.

Relates to #38461

* Add initial documentation for SLM (#41510)

* Add initial documentation for SLM

This adds the initial documentation for snapshot lifecycle management.

It also includes the REST spec API json files since they're sort of
documentation.

Relates to #38461

* Add `manage_slm` and `read_slm` roles (#41607)

* Add `manage_slm` and `read_slm` roles

This adds two more built in roles -

`manage_slm` which has permission to perform any of the SLM actions, as well as
stopping, starting, and retrieving the operation status of ILM.

`read_slm` which has permission to retrieve snapshot lifecycle policies as well
as retrieving the operation status of ILM.

Relates to #38461

* Add execute to the test

* Fix ilm -> slm typo in test

* Record SLM history into an index (#41707)

It is useful to have a record of the actions that Snapshot Lifecycle
Management takes, especially for the purposes of alerting when a
snapshot fails or has not been taken successfully for a certain amount of
time.

This adds the infrastructure to record SLM actions into an index that
can be queried at leisure, along with a lifecycle policy so that this
history does not grow without bound.

Additionally,
SLM automatically setting up an index + lifecycle policy leads to
`index_lifecycle` custom metadata in the cluster state, which some of
the ML tests don't know how to deal with due to setting up custom
`NamedXContentRegistry`s.  Watcher would cause the same problem, but it
is already disabled (for the same reason).

* High Level Rest Client support for SLM (#41767)

* High Level Rest Client support for SLM

This commit add HLRC support for SLM.

Relates to #38461

* Fill out documentation tests with tags

* Add more callouts and asciidoc for HLRC

* Update javadoc links to real locations

* Add security test testing SLM cluster privileges (#42678)

* Add security test testing SLM cluster privileges

This adds a test to `PermissionsIT` that uses the `manage_slm` and `read_slm`
cluster privileges.

Relates to #38461

* Don't redefine vars

*  Add Getting Started Guide for SLM  (#42878)

This commit adds a basic Getting Started Guide for SLM.

* Include SLM policy name in Snapshot metadata (#43132)

Keep track of which SLM policy in the metadata field of the Snapshots
taken by SLM. This allows users to more easily understand where the
snapshot came from, and will enable future SLM features such as
retention policies.

* Fix compilation after master merge

* [TEST] Move exception wrapping for devious exception throwing

Fixes an issue where an exception was created from one line and thrown in another.

* Fix SLM for the change to AcknowledgedResponse

* Add Snapshot Lifecycle Management Package Docs (#43535)

* Fix compilation for transport actions now that task is required

* Add a note mentioning the privileges needed for SLM (#43708)

* Add a note mentioning the privileges needed for SLM

This adds a note to the top of the "getting started with SLM"
documentation mentioning that there are two built-in privileges to
assist with creating roles for SLM users and administrators.

Relates to #38461

* Mention that you can create snapshots for indices you can't read

* Fix REST tests for new number of cluster privileges

* Mute testThatNonExistingTemplatesAreAddedImmediately (#43951)

* Fix SnapshotHistoryStoreTests after merge

* Remove overridden newResponse functions that have been removed
dakrone added a commit to dakrone/elasticsearch that referenced this pull request Jul 15, 2019
* Add SnapshotLifecycleService and related CRUD APIs

This commit adds `SnapshotLifecycleService` as a new service under the ilm
plugin. This service handles snapshot lifecycle policies by scheduling based on
the policies defined schedule.

This also includes the get, put, and delete APIs for these policies

Relates to elastic#38461

* Make scheduledJobIds return an immutable set

* Use Object.equals for SnapshotLifecyclePolicy

* Remove unneeded TODO

* Implement ToXContentFragment on SnapshotLifecyclePolicyItem

* Copy contents of the scheduledJobIds

* Handle snapshot lifecycle policy updates and deletions (elastic#40062)

(Note this is a PR against the `snapshot-lifecycle-management` feature branch)

This adds logic to `SnapshotLifecycleService` to handle updates and deletes for
snapshot policies. Policies with incremented versions have the old policy
cancelled and the new one scheduled. Deleted policies have their schedules
cancelled when they are no longer present in the cluster state metadata.

Relates to elastic#38461

* Take a snapshot for the policy when the SLM policy is triggered (elastic#40383)

(This is a PR for the `snapshot-lifecycle-management` branch)

This commit fills in `SnapshotLifecycleTask` to actually perform the
snapshotting when the policy is triggered. Currently there is no handling of the
results (other than logging) as that will be added in subsequent work.

This also adds unit tests and an integration test that schedules a policy and
ensures that a snapshot is correctly taken.

Relates to elastic#38461

* Record most recent snapshot policy success/failure (elastic#40619)

Keeping a record of the results of the successes and failures will aid
troubleshooting of policies and make users more confident that their
snapshots are being taken as expected.

This is the first step toward writing history in a more permanent
fashion.

* Validate snapshot lifecycle policies (elastic#40654)

(This is a PR against the `snapshot-lifecycle-management` branch)

With the commit, we now validate the content of snapshot lifecycle policies when
the policy is being created or updated. This checks for the validity of the id,
name, schedule, and repository. Additionally, cluster state is checked to ensure
that the repository exists prior to the lifecycle being added to the cluster
state.

Part of elastic#38461

* Hook SLM into ILM's start and stop APIs (elastic#40871)

(This pull request is for the `snapshot-lifecycle-management` branch)

This change allows the existing `/_ilm/stop` and `/_ilm/start` APIs to also
manage snapshot lifecycle scheduling. When ILM is stopped all scheduled jobs are
cancelled.

Relates to elastic#38461

* Add tests for SnapshotLifecyclePolicyItem (elastic#40912)

Adds serialization tests for SnapshotLifecyclePolicyItem.

* Fix improper import in build.gradle after master merge

* Add human readable version of modified date for snapshot lifecycle policy (elastic#41035)

* Add human readable version of modified date for snapshot lifecycle policy

This small change changes it from:

```
...
"modified_date": 1554843903242,
...
```

To

```
...
"modified_date" : "2019-04-09T21:05:03.242Z",
"modified_date_millis" : 1554843903242,
...
```

Including the `"modified_date"` field when the `?human` field is used.

Relates to elastic#38461

* Fix test

* Add API to execute SLM policy on demand (elastic#41038)

This commit adds the ability to perform a snapshot on demand for a policy. This
can be useful to take a snapshot immediately prior to performing some sort of
maintenance.

```json
PUT /_ilm/snapshot/<policy>/_execute
```

And it returns the response with the generated snapshot name:

```json
{
  "snapshot_name" : "production-snap-2019.04.09-rfyv3j9qreixkdbnfuw0ug"
}
```

Note that this does not allow waiting for the snapshot, and the snapshot could
still fail. It *does* record this information into the cluster state similar to
a regularly trigged SLM job.

Relates to elastic#38461

* Add next_execution to SLM policy metadata (elastic#41221)

* Add next_execution to SLM policy metadata

This adds the next time a snapshot lifecycle policy will be executed when
retriving a policy's metadata, for example:

```json
GET /_ilm/snapshot?human
{
  "production" : {
    "version" : 1,
    "modified_date" : "2019-04-15T21:16:21.865Z",
    "modified_date_millis" : 1555362981865,
    "policy" : {
      "name" : "<production-snap-{now/d}>",
      "schedule" : "*/30 * * * * ?",
      "repository" : "repo",
      "config" : {
        "indices" : [
          "foo-*",
          "important"
        ],
        "ignore_unavailable" : true,
        "include_global_state" : false
      }
    },
    "next_execution" : "2019-04-15T21:16:30.000Z",
    "next_execution_millis" : 1555362990000
  },
  "other" : {
    "version" : 1,
    "modified_date" : "2019-04-15T21:12:19.959Z",
    "modified_date_millis" : 1555362739959,
    "policy" : {
      "name" : "<other-snap-{now/d}>",
      "schedule" : "0 30 2 * * ?",
      "repository" : "repo",
      "config" : {
        "indices" : [
          "other"
        ],
        "ignore_unavailable" : false,
        "include_global_state" : true
      }
    },
    "next_execution" : "2019-04-16T02:30:00.000Z",
    "next_execution_millis" : 1555381800000
  }
}
```

Relates to elastic#38461

* Fix and enhance tests

* Figured out how to Cron

* Change SLM endpoint from /_ilm/* to /_slm/* (elastic#41320)

This commit changes the endpoint for snapshot lifecycle management from:

```
GET /_ilm/snapshot/<policy>
```

to:

```
GET /_slm/policy/<policy>
```

It mimics the ILM path only using `slm` instead of `ilm`.

Relates to elastic#38461

* Add initial documentation for SLM (elastic#41510)

* Add initial documentation for SLM

This adds the initial documentation for snapshot lifecycle management.

It also includes the REST spec API json files since they're sort of
documentation.

Relates to elastic#38461

* Add `manage_slm` and `read_slm` roles (elastic#41607)

* Add `manage_slm` and `read_slm` roles

This adds two more built in roles -

`manage_slm` which has permission to perform any of the SLM actions, as well as
stopping, starting, and retrieving the operation status of ILM.

`read_slm` which has permission to retrieve snapshot lifecycle policies as well
as retrieving the operation status of ILM.

Relates to elastic#38461

* Add execute to the test

* Fix ilm -> slm typo in test

* Record SLM history into an index (elastic#41707)

It is useful to have a record of the actions that Snapshot Lifecycle
Management takes, especially for the purposes of alerting when a
snapshot fails or has not been taken successfully for a certain amount of
time.

This adds the infrastructure to record SLM actions into an index that
can be queried at leisure, along with a lifecycle policy so that this
history does not grow without bound.

Additionally,
SLM automatically setting up an index + lifecycle policy leads to
`index_lifecycle` custom metadata in the cluster state, which some of
the ML tests don't know how to deal with due to setting up custom
`NamedXContentRegistry`s.  Watcher would cause the same problem, but it
is already disabled (for the same reason).

* High Level Rest Client support for SLM (elastic#41767)

* High Level Rest Client support for SLM

This commit add HLRC support for SLM.

Relates to elastic#38461

* Fill out documentation tests with tags

* Add more callouts and asciidoc for HLRC

* Update javadoc links to real locations

* Add security test testing SLM cluster privileges (elastic#42678)

* Add security test testing SLM cluster privileges

This adds a test to `PermissionsIT` that uses the `manage_slm` and `read_slm`
cluster privileges.

Relates to elastic#38461

* Don't redefine vars

*  Add Getting Started Guide for SLM  (elastic#42878)

This commit adds a basic Getting Started Guide for SLM.

* Include SLM policy name in Snapshot metadata (elastic#43132)

Keep track of which SLM policy in the metadata field of the Snapshots
taken by SLM. This allows users to more easily understand where the
snapshot came from, and will enable future SLM features such as
retention policies.

* Fix compilation after master merge

* [TEST] Move exception wrapping for devious exception throwing

Fixes an issue where an exception was created from one line and thrown in another.

* Fix SLM for the change to AcknowledgedResponse

* Add Snapshot Lifecycle Management Package Docs (elastic#43535)

* Fix compilation for transport actions now that task is required

* Add a note mentioning the privileges needed for SLM (elastic#43708)

* Add a note mentioning the privileges needed for SLM

This adds a note to the top of the "getting started with SLM"
documentation mentioning that there are two built-in privileges to
assist with creating roles for SLM users and administrators.

Relates to elastic#38461

* Mention that you can create snapshots for indices you can't read

* Fix REST tests for new number of cluster privileges

* Mute testThatNonExistingTemplatesAreAddedImmediately (elastic#43951)

* Fix SnapshotHistoryStoreTests after merge

* Remove overridden newResponse functions that have been removed
dakrone added a commit that referenced this pull request Jul 16, 2019
* Add Snapshot Lifecycle Management (#43934)

* Add SnapshotLifecycleService and related CRUD APIs

This commit adds `SnapshotLifecycleService` as a new service under the ilm
plugin. This service handles snapshot lifecycle policies by scheduling based on
the policies defined schedule.

This also includes the get, put, and delete APIs for these policies

Relates to #38461

* Make scheduledJobIds return an immutable set

* Use Object.equals for SnapshotLifecyclePolicy

* Remove unneeded TODO

* Implement ToXContentFragment on SnapshotLifecyclePolicyItem

* Copy contents of the scheduledJobIds

* Handle snapshot lifecycle policy updates and deletions (#40062)

(Note this is a PR against the `snapshot-lifecycle-management` feature branch)

This adds logic to `SnapshotLifecycleService` to handle updates and deletes for
snapshot policies. Policies with incremented versions have the old policy
cancelled and the new one scheduled. Deleted policies have their schedules
cancelled when they are no longer present in the cluster state metadata.

Relates to #38461

* Take a snapshot for the policy when the SLM policy is triggered (#40383)

(This is a PR for the `snapshot-lifecycle-management` branch)

This commit fills in `SnapshotLifecycleTask` to actually perform the
snapshotting when the policy is triggered. Currently there is no handling of the
results (other than logging) as that will be added in subsequent work.

This also adds unit tests and an integration test that schedules a policy and
ensures that a snapshot is correctly taken.

Relates to #38461

* Record most recent snapshot policy success/failure (#40619)

Keeping a record of the results of the successes and failures will aid
troubleshooting of policies and make users more confident that their
snapshots are being taken as expected.

This is the first step toward writing history in a more permanent
fashion.

* Validate snapshot lifecycle policies (#40654)

(This is a PR against the `snapshot-lifecycle-management` branch)

With the commit, we now validate the content of snapshot lifecycle policies when
the policy is being created or updated. This checks for the validity of the id,
name, schedule, and repository. Additionally, cluster state is checked to ensure
that the repository exists prior to the lifecycle being added to the cluster
state.

Part of #38461

* Hook SLM into ILM's start and stop APIs (#40871)

(This pull request is for the `snapshot-lifecycle-management` branch)

This change allows the existing `/_ilm/stop` and `/_ilm/start` APIs to also
manage snapshot lifecycle scheduling. When ILM is stopped all scheduled jobs are
cancelled.

Relates to #38461

* Add tests for SnapshotLifecyclePolicyItem (#40912)

Adds serialization tests for SnapshotLifecyclePolicyItem.

* Fix improper import in build.gradle after master merge

* Add human readable version of modified date for snapshot lifecycle policy (#41035)

* Add human readable version of modified date for snapshot lifecycle policy

This small change changes it from:

```
...
"modified_date": 1554843903242,
...
```

To

```
...
"modified_date" : "2019-04-09T21:05:03.242Z",
"modified_date_millis" : 1554843903242,
...
```

Including the `"modified_date"` field when the `?human` field is used.

Relates to #38461

* Fix test

* Add API to execute SLM policy on demand (#41038)

This commit adds the ability to perform a snapshot on demand for a policy. This
can be useful to take a snapshot immediately prior to performing some sort of
maintenance.

```json
PUT /_ilm/snapshot/<policy>/_execute
```

And it returns the response with the generated snapshot name:

```json
{
  "snapshot_name" : "production-snap-2019.04.09-rfyv3j9qreixkdbnfuw0ug"
}
```

Note that this does not allow waiting for the snapshot, and the snapshot could
still fail. It *does* record this information into the cluster state similar to
a regularly trigged SLM job.

Relates to #38461

* Add next_execution to SLM policy metadata (#41221)

* Add next_execution to SLM policy metadata

This adds the next time a snapshot lifecycle policy will be executed when
retriving a policy's metadata, for example:

```json
GET /_ilm/snapshot?human
{
  "production" : {
    "version" : 1,
    "modified_date" : "2019-04-15T21:16:21.865Z",
    "modified_date_millis" : 1555362981865,
    "policy" : {
      "name" : "<production-snap-{now/d}>",
      "schedule" : "*/30 * * * * ?",
      "repository" : "repo",
      "config" : {
        "indices" : [
          "foo-*",
          "important"
        ],
        "ignore_unavailable" : true,
        "include_global_state" : false
      }
    },
    "next_execution" : "2019-04-15T21:16:30.000Z",
    "next_execution_millis" : 1555362990000
  },
  "other" : {
    "version" : 1,
    "modified_date" : "2019-04-15T21:12:19.959Z",
    "modified_date_millis" : 1555362739959,
    "policy" : {
      "name" : "<other-snap-{now/d}>",
      "schedule" : "0 30 2 * * ?",
      "repository" : "repo",
      "config" : {
        "indices" : [
          "other"
        ],
        "ignore_unavailable" : false,
        "include_global_state" : true
      }
    },
    "next_execution" : "2019-04-16T02:30:00.000Z",
    "next_execution_millis" : 1555381800000
  }
}
```

Relates to #38461

* Fix and enhance tests

* Figured out how to Cron

* Change SLM endpoint from /_ilm/* to /_slm/* (#41320)

This commit changes the endpoint for snapshot lifecycle management from:

```
GET /_ilm/snapshot/<policy>
```

to:

```
GET /_slm/policy/<policy>
```

It mimics the ILM path only using `slm` instead of `ilm`.

Relates to #38461

* Add initial documentation for SLM (#41510)

* Add initial documentation for SLM

This adds the initial documentation for snapshot lifecycle management.

It also includes the REST spec API json files since they're sort of
documentation.

Relates to #38461

* Add `manage_slm` and `read_slm` roles (#41607)

* Add `manage_slm` and `read_slm` roles

This adds two more built in roles -

`manage_slm` which has permission to perform any of the SLM actions, as well as
stopping, starting, and retrieving the operation status of ILM.

`read_slm` which has permission to retrieve snapshot lifecycle policies as well
as retrieving the operation status of ILM.

Relates to #38461

* Add execute to the test

* Fix ilm -> slm typo in test

* Record SLM history into an index (#41707)

It is useful to have a record of the actions that Snapshot Lifecycle
Management takes, especially for the purposes of alerting when a
snapshot fails or has not been taken successfully for a certain amount of
time.

This adds the infrastructure to record SLM actions into an index that
can be queried at leisure, along with a lifecycle policy so that this
history does not grow without bound.

Additionally,
SLM automatically setting up an index + lifecycle policy leads to
`index_lifecycle` custom metadata in the cluster state, which some of
the ML tests don't know how to deal with due to setting up custom
`NamedXContentRegistry`s.  Watcher would cause the same problem, but it
is already disabled (for the same reason).

* High Level Rest Client support for SLM (#41767)

* High Level Rest Client support for SLM

This commit add HLRC support for SLM.

Relates to #38461

* Fill out documentation tests with tags

* Add more callouts and asciidoc for HLRC

* Update javadoc links to real locations

* Add security test testing SLM cluster privileges (#42678)

* Add security test testing SLM cluster privileges

This adds a test to `PermissionsIT` that uses the `manage_slm` and `read_slm`
cluster privileges.

Relates to #38461

* Don't redefine vars

*  Add Getting Started Guide for SLM  (#42878)

This commit adds a basic Getting Started Guide for SLM.

* Include SLM policy name in Snapshot metadata (#43132)

Keep track of which SLM policy in the metadata field of the Snapshots
taken by SLM. This allows users to more easily understand where the
snapshot came from, and will enable future SLM features such as
retention policies.

* Fix compilation after master merge

* [TEST] Move exception wrapping for devious exception throwing

Fixes an issue where an exception was created from one line and thrown in another.

* Fix SLM for the change to AcknowledgedResponse

* Add Snapshot Lifecycle Management Package Docs (#43535)

* Fix compilation for transport actions now that task is required

* Add a note mentioning the privileges needed for SLM (#43708)

* Add a note mentioning the privileges needed for SLM

This adds a note to the top of the "getting started with SLM"
documentation mentioning that there are two built-in privileges to
assist with creating roles for SLM users and administrators.

Relates to #38461

* Mention that you can create snapshots for indices you can't read

* Fix REST tests for new number of cluster privileges

* Mute testThatNonExistingTemplatesAreAddedImmediately (#43951)

* Fix SnapshotHistoryStoreTests after merge

* Remove overridden newResponse functions that have been removed

* Fix compilation for backport

* Fix get snapshot output parsing in test

* [DOCS] Add redirects for removed autogen anchors (#44380)

* Switch <tt>...</tt> in javadocs for {@code ...}
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