Object Lifecycle

Object Lifecycle

Lifecycle Methods in Enyo

A Trivial Kind

Remember that Enyo kinds use regular JavaScript prototypes. A trivial kind has a simple lifecycle:

var MyKind = enyo.kind({
	kind: null, // otherwise it will default to 'Control'
	constructor: function() {
		// do any initialization tasks
	}
});

That's it. Now MyKind is a function that you can use with the new operator to create instances. The MyKind function is a copy of a boilerplate function that will call your (optional) constructor function.

myInstance = new MyKind();

Like all JavaScript objects, a kind instance is garbage-collected when there are no references to it.

Note: While the Component and Control kinds have some advanced features, enyo.kind() itself is fairly simple.

Inheritance: this.inherited()

It's possible to base a kind on another kind. The new kind inherits all the properties and methods of the old kind. If you override a method from the old kind, you can call the overridden method using inherited():

var MyNextKind = enyo.kind({
	kind: MyKind,
	constructor: function() {
		// do any initialization tasks before MyKind initializes
		//
		// do inherited initialization (optional, but usually a good idea)
		this.inherited(arguments);
		//
		// do any initialization tasks after MyKind initializes
	}
});

MyNextKind starts with all the properties and methods of MyKind, but then we override constructor(). Our new constructor can call the old constructor using the this.inherited(arguments) syntax. MyNextKind can decide what things to do before or after calling the old constructor, or can choose to not call the old constructor at all.

This override system is the same for any method, not just for constructor.

Note that you could call an inherited method using only raw JavaScript, like so:

MyKind.prototype.<method name>.apply(this, arguments);

The this.inherited syntax is shorter and removes the need to specify the superkind's name (in this case, MyKind).

Also note that arguments is a JavaScript built-in whose value is a pseudo-array of the arguments passed to the currently executing function.

Components: create() and destroy()

All kinds may have constructor methods as described above. The Component kind adds several new lifecycle methods, most notably create() and destroy():

var myComponent = enyo.kind({
	kind: enyo.Component,
	constructor: function() {
		// low-level or esoteric initialization, usually not needed at all
		this.inherited(arguments);
	},
	create: function() {
		// create is called *after* the constructor chain is finished
		this.inherited(arguments);
		// this.$ hash available only *after* calling inherited create
	},
	destroy: function() {
		// do inherited teardown
		this.inherited(arguments);
	}
});

Technically, create() differs from constructor() in that the constructor call finishes completely (including any chain of inherited calls) before create() is called, but normal initialization can be done in either method.

For convenience, most components can simply ignore constructor() and rely on create().

The other important feature of create() is that the this.$ hash is ready after Component.create() has executed. This means that an override of create is generally where you do initialization tasks for owned Components. For example:

components: [
	{kind: "MyWorker"}
],
create: function() {
	this.inherited(arguments);
	// put MyWorker to work
	this.$.myWorker.work();
}

Components frequently reference other components. In the example above, the MyWorker instance is referenced by this.$.myWorker. The destroy() method cleans up these references and allows component to be garbage-collected. Component kinds also put general cleanup code in destroy().

destroy: function() {
	// stop MyWorker from working
	this.$.myWorker.stop();
	// standard cleanup
	this.inherited(arguments);
	// this.$ hash is empty now
}

Note: If you've made a custom reference to a component that is not cleaned up by a destroy() method, then calling destroy() will not actually make that object subject to garbage collection. For this reason, there is a this.destroyed flag on each component. If this.destroyed is true, the Component has been uninitialized and the reference should be removed.

Controls: hasNode() and rendered()

Control is a kind of component, so controls have the same constructor(), create(), destroy() system described above, but the Control kind introduces a few more methods for managing its representation in the DOM.

Control is designed so that most of its methods and properties can be used without regard to whether there is a corresponding DOM node or not. For example, you can call

this.$.control.applyStyle("color", "blue");

If the control is rendered, that style is placed in the DOM; if not, the information is stored until the DOM is created. Either way, when you see it, the text will be blue.

There are certain things you cannot do unless DOM has been created. Obviously, you cannot do work directly on a DomNode if there is no DOM. Also, some methods (e.g., getBounds()) return values measured from DOM, so if there is no DOM, you won't get accurate values.

In a control, if you need to do something immediately after the DOM is created, you can do that in the rendered() method:

rendered: function() {
	// important! must call the inherited method
	this.inherited(arguments);	
	// this is the first moment bounds are available
	this.firstBounds = this.getBounds();
}

Another important thing to note here is that even though DOM elements have been created when rendered() is called, the visual representation of these elements in the browser is generally not visible yet. Most browsers will not update the display until Enyo yields the JavaScript thread. This means you have the ability to make changes to the DOM in rendered() without causing annoying flashes.

Whenever you need to access a control's DOM node directly, use the hasNode() method:

twiddle: function() {
	if (this.hasNode()) {
		buffNode(this.node); // buffNode is made-up
	}
}

Remember that even if DOM is rendered, this.node may not have a value. A truthy result from hasNode() means this.node is initialized. Even within rendered(), you need to call hasNode() first:

rendered: function() {
	this.inherited(arguments); // important! must call the inherited method
	if (this.hasNode()) {
		buffNode(this.node);
	}
});

When Controls Are Rendered

In general, controls are not rendered until you you explicitly say so. Most applications have a renderInto() or write() method at the very top that renders the controls in the application.

Also, when creating controls dynamically, Enyo will not render those controls until you call render() on them, or on one of their containers. You will often see code like the following:

updateControls: function() {
	// destroy controls we made last time 
	// ('destroyClientControls' destroys only dynamic controls;
	// 'destroyControls' destroys everything)
	this.destroyClientControls(); 
	// create new controls
	for (var i=0; i<this.count; i++) {
		// created but not rendered
		this.createComponent({kind: "myCoolControl", index: i});
	}
	// render everything in one shot
	this.render();
});

Destroying a control will cause it to be removed from the DOM right away, as this is a necessary part of the cleanup process. There is no unrender method.

A Note About Kind Names

The preceding examples use this syntax for creating kinds:

var MyKind = enyo.kind(...);

In most Enyo code, however, you'll see the following:

enyo.kind({
	name: "MyKind"
	...
});

Here the inclusion of a name property is optional. If you include it, Enyo will make a global reference to your kind using that name, which will be available in instances as this.kindName. The name syntax is used mostly to take advantage of these conveniences. For example, instead of

var foo = {
	kinds: {
		MyKind: enyo.kind(...);		
	}
}

one can write

enyo.kind({
	name: "foo.kinds.MyKind",
	...
});