Initial NPI-19 pressure sensor documentation (#4105)

Co-authored-by: Jesse Hills <3060199+jesserockz@users.noreply.github.com>

components/sensor/npi19.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+NPI-19 Pressure Sensor
+===========================================
+
+.. seo::
+    :description: Instructions for setting up NPI-19 pressure sensors with ESPHome
+    :image: npi19.jpg
+    :keywords: NPI-19 NPI19
+
+The ``npi19`` sensor platform allows you to use your NPI-19 (`datasheet <https://www.amphenol-sensors.com/hubfs/AAS-920-699F-NovaSensor-NPI-19-I2C-061322-web.pdf>`__,
+`product page <https://www.amphenol-sensors.com/en/novasensor/pressure-sensors/3358-npi-19-i2c>`__) pressure sensors with ESPHome.
+
+.. figure:: images/npi19.jpg
+    :align: center
+    :width: 50.0%
+
+    NPI-19 Pressure Sensor.
+
+
+Configuration
+-------------
+:ref:`I²C <i2c>` bus is required to be set up in your configuration for this sensor to work.
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+    # Example configuration entry
+    sensor:
+      - platform: npi19
+        raw_pressure:
+          name: "Raw Pressure"
+        temperature:
+          name: Temperature
+
+
+Configuration variables
+-----------------------
+
+- **raw_pressure** (*Optional*): The information for the pressure sensor. See :ref:`npi19-converting`.
+
+ - All other options from :ref:`Sensor <config-sensor>`.
+
+- **temperature** (*Optional*): The information for the temperature sensor. Readings in degrees celsius (°C).
+
+ - All other options from :ref:`Sensor <config-sensor>`.
+
+- **i2c_id** (*Optional*, :ref:`config-id`): Manually specify the ID of the :ref:`I²C Component <i2c>`. Defaults to the default I²C bus.
+
+- **address** (*Optional*, int): Manually specify the I²C address of the sensor.
+  All known sensors currently configured to ``0x28``. Defaults to ``0x28``.
+
+
+.. _npi19-converting:
+
+Converting units
+-----------------
+
+The NPI-19 pressure sensor is not calibrated to units, you have to convert the measurement to units yourself.
+
+Estimated
+*********
+
+On page 1 of the `product application note <https://www.amphenol-sensors.com/hubfs/I2C%20NPI-19%20product%20application%20Note.pdf>`__
+the value ``1638`` maps to approximately ``10%`` of the maximum value of the sensor (e.g. ``0.5`` psi for a ``5`` psi sensor);
+the value ``14746`` maps to approximately ``90%`` of the maximum value of the sensor (e.g. ``4.5`` psi for a ``5``  psi sensor).
+Use ``calibrate_linear`` filter to map these sensor values:
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+    # Extract of configuration
+    filters:
+      - calibrate_linear:
+        - 1638 -> 0.5
+        - 14746 -> 4.5
+
+Calibrated
+**********
+1. Expose the sensor to a low known pressure, for example ``5`` psi.
+2. Observe the value of the raw pressure sensor, for example ``1500``.
+3. Expose the sensor to a high pressure, for example ``90`` psi.
+4. Observe the value of the raw pressure sensor, for example ``14500``.
+5. Use ``calibrate_linear`` filter to map the incoming value to the calibrated one:
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+    # Extract of configuration
+    filters:
+      - calibrate_linear:
+        - 1500 -> 5.0
+        - 14500 -> 90.0
+
+
+Notes
+-----
+
+The NPI-19 I²C has a temperature output, however the manufacturer does
+not specify its accuracy on the published datasheet. They indicate
+that the sensor should not be used as a calibrated temperature
+reading; it’s only intended for curve fitting data during
+compensation.
+
+
+See Also
+--------
+
+- :ref:`sensor-filters`
+- `NPI-19 Product Page <https://www.amphenol-sensors.com/en/novasensor/pressure-sensors/3358-npi-19-i2c>`__
+- `NPI-19 Datasheet <https://www.amphenol-sensors.com/hubfs/AAS-920-699F-NovaSensor-NPI-19-I2C-061322-web.pdf>`__
+- `NPI-19 Product Application Note <https://www.amphenol-sensors.com/hubfs/I2C%20NPI-19%20product%20application%20Note.pdf>`__
+- :ghedit:`Edit`

index.rst

@@ -481,6 +481,7 @@ Environmental
     MPL3115A2, components/sensor/mpl3115a2, mpl3115a2.jpg, Temperature & Pressure
     MS5611, components/sensor/ms5611, ms5611.jpg, Pressure
     MS8607, components/sensor/ms8607, ms8607.jpg, Temperature & Humidity & Pressure
+    NPI-19, components/sensor/npi19, npi19.jpg, Pressure
     NTC Thermistor, components/sensor/ntc, ntc.jpg, Temperature
     PMWCS3, components/sensor/pmwcs3, pmwcs3.jpg, Soil moisture & Temperature
     QMP6988, components/sensor/qmp6988, qmp6988_env3.png, Temperature & Pressure