eth/tracers: live chain tracing with hooks (#29189)

Here we add a Go API for running tracing plugins within the main block import process. 

As an advanced user of geth, you can now create a Go file in eth/tracers/live/, and within
that file register your custom tracer implementation. Then recompile geth and select your tracer
on the command line. Hooks defined in the tracer will run whenever a block is processed.

The hook system is defined in package core/tracing. It uses a struct with callbacks, instead of 
requiring an interface, for several reasons:

- We plan to keep this API stable long-term. The core/tracing hook API does not depend on
  on deep geth internals.
- There are a lot of hooks, and tracers will only need some of them. Using a struct allows you
   to implement only the hooks you want to actually use.

All existing tracers in eth/tracers/native have been rewritten to use the new hook system.

This change breaks compatibility with the vm.EVMLogger interface that we used to have.
If you are a user of vm.EVMLogger, please migrate to core/tracing, and sorry for breaking
your stuff. But we just couldn't have both the old and new tracing APIs coexist in the EVM.

---------

Co-authored-by: Matthieu Vachon <matthieu.o.vachon@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Delweng <delweng@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Martin HS <martin@swende.se>

cmd/evm/blockrunner.go

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/rawdb"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/tracing"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/tracers/logger"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/tests"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ func blockTestCmd(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		return errors.New("path-to-test argument required")
 	}
 
-	var tracer vm.EVMLogger
+	var tracer *tracing.Hooks
 	// Configure the EVM logger
 	if ctx.Bool(MachineFlag.Name) {
 		tracer = logger.NewJSONLogger(&logger.Config{

cmd/evm/internal/t8ntool/execution.go

@@ -17,7 +17,9 @@
 package t8ntool
 
 import (
+	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"math/big"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
@@ -28,9 +30,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/rawdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/tracing"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/tracers"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
@@ -119,7 +123,7 @@ type rejectedTx struct {
 // Apply applies a set of transactions to a pre-state
 func (pre *Prestate) Apply(vmConfig vm.Config, chainConfig *params.ChainConfig,
 	txIt txIterator, miningReward int64,
-	getTracerFn func(txIndex int, txHash common.Hash) (vm.EVMLogger, error)) (*state.StateDB, *ExecutionResult, []byte, error) {
+	getTracerFn func(txIndex int, txHash common.Hash) (*tracers.Tracer, io.WriteCloser, error)) (*state.StateDB, *ExecutionResult, []byte, error) {
 	// Capture errors for BLOCKHASH operation, if we haven't been supplied the
 	// required blockhashes
 	var hashError error
@@ -222,11 +226,13 @@ func (pre *Prestate) Apply(vmConfig vm.Config, chainConfig *params.ChainConfig,
 				continue
 			}
 		}
-		tracer, err := getTracerFn(txIndex, tx.Hash())
+		tracer, traceOutput, err := getTracerFn(txIndex, tx.Hash())
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, nil, nil, err
 		}
-		vmConfig.Tracer = tracer
+		if tracer != nil {
+			vmConfig.Tracer = tracer.Hooks
+		}
 		statedb.SetTxContext(tx.Hash(), txIndex)
 
 		var (
@@ -236,13 +242,24 @@ func (pre *Prestate) Apply(vmConfig vm.Config, chainConfig *params.ChainConfig,
 		)
 		evm := vm.NewEVM(vmContext, txContext, statedb, chainConfig, vmConfig)
 
+		if tracer != nil && tracer.OnTxStart != nil {
+			tracer.OnTxStart(evm.GetVMContext(), tx, msg.From)
+		}
 		// (ret []byte, usedGas uint64, failed bool, err error)
 		msgResult, err := core.ApplyMessage(evm, msg, gaspool)
 		if err != nil {
 			statedb.RevertToSnapshot(snapshot)
 			log.Info("rejected tx", "index", i, "hash", tx.Hash(), "from", msg.From, "error", err)
 			rejectedTxs = append(rejectedTxs, &rejectedTx{i, err.Error()})
 			gaspool.SetGas(prevGas)
+			if tracer != nil {
+				if tracer.OnTxEnd != nil {
+					tracer.OnTxEnd(nil, err)
+				}
+				if err := writeTraceResult(tracer, traceOutput); err != nil {
+					log.Warn("Error writing tracer output", "err", err)
+				}
+			}
 			continue
 		}
 		includedTxs = append(includedTxs, tx)
@@ -285,6 +302,12 @@ func (pre *Prestate) Apply(vmConfig vm.Config, chainConfig *params.ChainConfig,
 			//receipt.BlockNumber
 			receipt.TransactionIndex = uint(txIndex)
 			receipts = append(receipts, receipt)
+			if tracer != nil {
+				if tracer.Hooks.OnTxEnd != nil {
+					tracer.Hooks.OnTxEnd(receipt, nil)
+				}
+				writeTraceResult(tracer, traceOutput)
+			}
 		}
 
 		txIndex++
@@ -310,15 +333,15 @@ func (pre *Prestate) Apply(vmConfig vm.Config, chainConfig *params.ChainConfig,
 			reward.Sub(reward, new(big.Int).SetUint64(ommer.Delta))
 			reward.Mul(reward, blockReward)
 			reward.Div(reward, big.NewInt(8))
-			statedb.AddBalance(ommer.Address, uint256.MustFromBig(reward))
+			statedb.AddBalance(ommer.Address, uint256.MustFromBig(reward), tracing.BalanceIncreaseRewardMineUncle)
 		}
-		statedb.AddBalance(pre.Env.Coinbase, uint256.MustFromBig(minerReward))
+		statedb.AddBalance(pre.Env.Coinbase, uint256.MustFromBig(minerReward), tracing.BalanceIncreaseRewardMineBlock)
 	}
 	// Apply withdrawals
 	for _, w := range pre.Env.Withdrawals {
 		// Amount is in gwei, turn into wei
 		amount := new(big.Int).Mul(new(big.Int).SetUint64(w.Amount), big.NewInt(params.GWei))
-		statedb.AddBalance(w.Address, uint256.MustFromBig(amount))
+		statedb.AddBalance(w.Address, uint256.MustFromBig(amount), tracing.BalanceIncreaseWithdrawal)
 	}
 	// Commit block
 	root, err := statedb.Commit(vmContext.BlockNumber.Uint64(), chainConfig.IsEIP158(vmContext.BlockNumber))
@@ -361,7 +384,7 @@ func MakePreState(db ethdb.Database, accounts types.GenesisAlloc) *state.StateDB
 	for addr, a := range accounts {
 		statedb.SetCode(addr, a.Code)
 		statedb.SetNonce(addr, a.Nonce)
-		statedb.SetBalance(addr, uint256.MustFromBig(a.Balance))
+		statedb.SetBalance(addr, uint256.MustFromBig(a.Balance), tracing.BalanceIncreaseGenesisBalance)
 		for k, v := range a.Storage {
 			statedb.SetState(addr, k, v)
 		}
@@ -398,3 +421,16 @@ func calcDifficulty(config *params.ChainConfig, number, currentTime, parentTime
 	}
 	return ethash.CalcDifficulty(config, currentTime, parent)
 }
+
+func writeTraceResult(tracer *tracers.Tracer, f io.WriteCloser) error {
+	defer f.Close()
+	result, err := tracer.GetResult()
+	if err != nil || result == nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	err = json.NewEncoder(f).Encode(result)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}

cmd/evm/internal/t8ntool/transition.go

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"math/big"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ type input struct {
 }
 
 func Transition(ctx *cli.Context) error {
-	var getTracer = func(txIndex int, txHash common.Hash) (vm.EVMLogger, error) { return nil, nil }
+	var getTracer = func(txIndex int, txHash common.Hash) (*tracers.Tracer, io.WriteCloser, error) { return nil, nil, nil }
 
 	baseDir, err := createBasedir(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -95,28 +96,35 @@ func Transition(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 			EnableReturnData: ctx.Bool(TraceEnableReturnDataFlag.Name),
 			Debug:            true,
 		}
-		getTracer = func(txIndex int, txHash common.Hash) (vm.EVMLogger, error) {
+		getTracer = func(txIndex int, txHash common.Hash) (*tracers.Tracer, io.WriteCloser, error) {
 			traceFile, err := os.Create(filepath.Join(baseDir, fmt.Sprintf("trace-%d-%v.jsonl", txIndex, txHash.String())))
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, NewError(ErrorIO, fmt.Errorf("failed creating trace-file: %v", err))
+				return nil, nil, NewError(ErrorIO, fmt.Errorf("failed creating trace-file: %v", err))
 			}
-			return &traceWriter{logger.NewJSONLogger(logConfig, traceFile), traceFile}, nil
+			logger := logger.NewJSONLogger(logConfig, traceFile)
+			tracer := &tracers.Tracer{
+				Hooks: logger,
+				// jsonLogger streams out result to file.
+				GetResult: func() (json.RawMessage, error) { return nil, nil },
+				Stop:      func(err error) {},
+			}
+			return tracer, traceFile, nil
 		}
 	} else if ctx.IsSet(TraceTracerFlag.Name) {
 		var config json.RawMessage
 		if ctx.IsSet(TraceTracerConfigFlag.Name) {
 			config = []byte(ctx.String(TraceTracerConfigFlag.Name))
 		}
-		getTracer = func(txIndex int, txHash common.Hash) (vm.EVMLogger, error) {
+		getTracer = func(txIndex int, txHash common.Hash) (*tracers.Tracer, io.WriteCloser, error) {
 			traceFile, err := os.Create(filepath.Join(baseDir, fmt.Sprintf("trace-%d-%v.json", txIndex, txHash.String())))
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, NewError(ErrorIO, fmt.Errorf("failed creating trace-file: %v", err))
+				return nil, nil, NewError(ErrorIO, fmt.Errorf("failed creating trace-file: %v", err))
 			}
 			tracer, err := tracers.DefaultDirectory.New(ctx.String(TraceTracerFlag.Name), nil, config)
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, NewError(ErrorConfig, fmt.Errorf("failed instantiating tracer: %w", err))
+				return nil, nil, NewError(ErrorConfig, fmt.Errorf("failed instantiating tracer: %w", err))
 			}
-			return &traceWriter{tracer, traceFile}, nil
+			return tracer, traceFile, nil
 		}
 	}
 	// We need to load three things: alloc, env and transactions. May be either in

cmd/evm/runner.go

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/rawdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/tracing"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm/runtime"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/tracers/logger"
@@ -116,7 +117,7 @@ func runCmd(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	}
 
 	var (
-		tracer      vm.EVMLogger
+		tracer      *tracing.Hooks
 		debugLogger *logger.StructLogger
 		statedb     *state.StateDB
 		chainConfig *params.ChainConfig
@@ -130,7 +131,7 @@ func runCmd(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		tracer = logger.NewJSONLogger(logconfig, os.Stdout)
 	} else if ctx.Bool(DebugFlag.Name) {
 		debugLogger = logger.NewStructLogger(logconfig)
-		tracer = debugLogger
+		tracer = debugLogger.Hooks()
 	} else {
 		debugLogger = logger.NewStructLogger(logconfig)
 	}

cmd/evm/staterunner.go

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ func stateTestCmd(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		cfg.Tracer = logger.NewJSONLogger(config, os.Stderr)
 
 	case ctx.Bool(DebugFlag.Name):
-		cfg.Tracer = logger.NewStructLogger(config)
+		cfg.Tracer = logger.NewStructLogger(config).Hooks()
 	}
 	// Load the test content from the input file
 	if len(ctx.Args().First()) != 0 {