[Test] Add test for nested render baseQueue bug

[rickhanlonii]

Found a bug where if the baseQueue is not empty, and we do a render-phase update, we won't update the base state within the same sync render (like for a layout effect update, but probably also for passive effects for discrete events).

[vercel]

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Name	Status	Preview	Comments	Updated (UTC)
react-compiler-playground	✅ Ready (Inspect)	Visit Preview	💬 Add feedback	Sep 17, 2024 6:33pm

[react-sizebot]

Comparing: 7b56a54...ce80bde

Critical size changes

Includes critical production bundles, as well as any change greater than 2%:

Name	+/-	Base	Current	+/- gzip	Base gzip	Current gzip
oss-stable/react-dom/cjs/react-dom.production.js	=	6.68 kB	6.68 kB	=	1.83 kB	1.82 kB
oss-stable/react-dom/cjs/react-dom-client.production.js	=	509.35 kB	509.35 kB	=	91.10 kB	91.10 kB
oss-experimental/react-dom/cjs/react-dom.production.js	=	6.69 kB	6.69 kB	=	1.83 kB	1.83 kB
oss-experimental/react-dom/cjs/react-dom-client.production.js	=	514.28 kB	514.28 kB	=	91.82 kB	91.82 kB
facebook-www/ReactDOM-prod.classic.js	=	604.86 kB	604.90 kB	=	106.86 kB	106.87 kB
facebook-www/ReactDOM-prod.modern.js	=	581.13 kB	581.13 kB	=	103.01 kB	103.01 kB

Significant size changes

Includes any change greater than 0.2%:

(No significant changes)

Generated by 🚫 dangerJS against 5700442

[josephsavona]

Nice job distilling the repro and finding the root cause! Thank you!