feat(node): Rate limit local variables for caught exceptions and enable captureAllExceptions by default

[timfish]

This PR:

• Adds a rate limiter that disables capturing caught exceptions when the exceptions per second limit is reached
  • Initially waits 5 seconds before re-enabling caught capturing
  • Doubles the backoff wait time every time rate limiting is re-triggered
  • The backoff time is never reset so if it keeps being triggered, it will remain disabled
• Enables captureAllExceptions by default (50 exceptions per second)

[timfish]

Need to update the docs!