chore(angular-ivy): Allow Angular 17 in peer dependencies

[Lms24]

This PR bumps our peer deps to allow for Angular 12-17 in the @sentry/angular-ivy package.

With the improved SSR capabilities and Vite being used for SSR Angular apps during dev mode in Angular 17, there is still an issue with our SDK's package format (APF12) not being compatible with the server-side code. There is a workaround to fix this by only importing our SDK in the client side config but I reached out to the Angular team to find a proper solution.

Given that this bug only exists in SSR Angular apps, I'd argue we can already go ahead and make the peer dep bump.
I tested our SDK in a regular, client-only Angular 17 (RC2) app and errors, performance, replay and source maps seem to work. Angular 17 is scheduled to be released in the week of November 6th.

(Depending on the outcome of angular/angular-cli#26135, we might want to link to the workaround in docs but I'll hold off from doing this just now).

[github-actions]

size-limit report 📦

Path	Size
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay) - Webpack (gzipped)	77.44 KB (-6.33% 🔽)
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay) - Webpack with treeshaking flags (gzipped)	66.48 KB (-7.39% 🔽)
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing) - Webpack (gzipped)	30.94 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser - Webpack (gzipped)	21.26 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay) - ES6 CDN Bundle (gzipped)	67.66 KB (-7.37% 🔽)
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing) - ES6 CDN Bundle (gzipped)	28.93 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser - ES6 CDN Bundle (gzipped)	21.09 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay) - ES6 CDN Bundle (minified & uncompressed)	216.39 KB (-7.47% 🔽)
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing) - ES6 CDN Bundle (minified & uncompressed)	87.77 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser - ES6 CDN Bundle (minified & uncompressed)	62.76 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing) - ES5 CDN Bundle (gzipped)	31.71 KB (0%)
@sentry/react (incl. Tracing, Replay) - Webpack (gzipped)	77.82 KB (-6.3% 🔽)
@sentry/react - Webpack (gzipped)	21.29 KB (0%)
@sentry/nextjs Client (incl. Tracing, Replay) - Webpack (gzipped)	94.16 KB (-5.31% 🔽)
@sentry/nextjs Client - Webpack (gzipped)	47.83 KB (0%)