ref(client): Improve get_integration typing

[szokeasaurusrex]

Improve get_integration typing to make it clear that we return an Optional[Integration]. Further, add overloads to specify that when called with some integration type I (i.e. I is a subclass of Integration), then get_integration guarantees a return value of Optional[I].

These changes should enhance type safety by explicitly guaranteeing the existing behavior of get_integration.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 51.28205% with 38 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 84.30%. Comparing base (ed614c0) to head (d0fa5d5).

✅ All tests successful. No failed tests found.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
sentry_sdk/integrations/aws_lambda.py	16.66%	5 Missing ⚠️
sentry_sdk/integrations/django/__init__.py	20.00%	2 Missing and 2 partials ⚠️
sentry_sdk/integrations/gcp.py	0.00%	4 Missing ⚠️
sentry_sdk/integrations/cohere.py	50.00%	1 Missing and 2 partials ⚠️
sentry_sdk/integrations/openai.py	50.00%	1 Missing and 2 partials ⚠️
sentry_sdk/integrations/starlette.py	57.14%	1 Missing and 2 partials ⚠️
sentry_sdk/integrations/aiohttp.py	50.00%	1 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️
sentry_sdk/integrations/bottle.py	50.00%	1 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️
sentry_sdk/integrations/celery/__init__.py	33.33%	1 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️
sentry_sdk/integrations/huggingface_hub.py	33.33%	1 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️
... and 5 more

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #3550      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   84.49%   84.30%   -0.19%     
==========================================
  Files         133      133              
  Lines       13837    13868      +31     
  Branches     2927     2928       +1     
==========================================
+ Hits        11691    11692       +1     
- Misses       1420     1436      +16     
- Partials      726      740      +14     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
sentry_sdk/client.py	83.49% <100.00%> (ø)
sentry_sdk/integrations/fastapi.py	90.00% <100.00%> (ø)
sentry_sdk/integrations/flask.py	86.99% <100.00%> (+0.10%)	⬆️
sentry_sdk/integrations/sanic.py	80.55% <100.00%> (ø)
sentry_sdk/integrations/sys_exit.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
sentry_sdk/integrations/threading.py	98.21% <100.00%> (-1.79%)	⬇️
sentry_sdk/integrations/anthropic.py	82.85% <50.00%> (-0.17%)	⬇️
sentry_sdk/integrations/atexit.py	75.75% <50.00%> (-2.37%)	⬇️
sentry_sdk/integrations/aiohttp.py	84.27% <50.00%> (-0.89%)	⬇️
sentry_sdk/integrations/bottle.py	86.31% <50.00%> (-1.73%)	⬇️
... and 11 more

... and 2 files with indirect coverage changes

[sentrivana]

Nice, LGTM as is, but mypy is complaining so this will probably need additional changes, would prefer to review once it's ready :)

[szokeasaurusrex]

@sentrivana yep still working on fixing mypy, will mark as draft until this is ready to be reviewed. I think the cleanest solution will be to replace @ensure_integration_enabled with the old manual checking that the integration is not None whenever we need to access the Integration object, because this allows mypy to recognize that the integration object cannot be None.

We can still use @ensure_integration_enabled anywhere we don't need to access the Integration object

[szokeasaurusrex]

The mypy errors led me to find a couple places where we were not checking that the integration was still enabled, so I think this change will potentially help us avoid making such mistakes in the future