hal/vk: fix support for vk-1.0 and refactor the adapter code

[kvark]

Connections
Investigating #2215

Description
Previously, we were considering the instance version and extensions for checking KhrStorageBufferStorageClassFn, but it's a device extension... Effectively means we couldn't run on VkInstance 1.0 at all.

This PR raises MSRV to 1.53 because of Option::insert().

Testing
Tested on examples locally.

[kvark]

Published in wgpu-hal-0.11.5

[parasyte]

Heads up! I don't know if you have a minimum supported Rust version policy (I couldn't find one) but wgpu-hal 0.11.5 broke my CI because this PR uses Option::insert which was stabilized in Rust 1.53.0. (My CI was building with Rust 1.52.0, which was our MSRV).

[kvark]

Rrright, sorry about that! Are you fine updating MSRV to 1.53, or is it a showstopper? This version is close to 6 month old.

[parasyte]

I’m good with just updating the compiler on my end for CI.

It’s a bit concerning though that this changes the policy of versions I released some months ago, too. That’s why I gave a heads up. We should be careful about making these kinds of changes in minor releases.

[kvark]

Interesting idea - to only change MSRV in breaking versions. Thanks for the hint, I'll try to stick with it.