chore(storage/bloom/v1): bind bloom page size to max bloom size

[rfratto]

What this PR does / why we need it:
Previously, the bloom page size was hard-coded to 256KB. However, 256KB is much smaller than the normal bloom size, leading to nearly every bloom page to be overfilled with a single, massive bloom.

Binding the bloom page size to the maximum bloom size allows bloom pages to contain multiple smaller blooms (which are still larger than 256KB) or one maxed out bloom.

Which issue(s) this PR fixes:
N/A

Special notes for your reviewer:

Checklist

• Reviewed the CONTRIBUTING.md guide (required)
• Documentation added
• Tests updated
• Title matches the required conventional commits format, see here
  • Note that Promtail is considered to be feature complete, and future development for logs collection will be in Grafana Alloy. As such, feat PRs are unlikely to be accepted unless a case can be made for the feature actually being a bug fix to existing behavior.
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