Support Azure Active Directory authentication for Microsoft SQL Server

[JBodkin-Amphora]

Connecting to Microsoft SQL Server on Azure using Microssoft Entra ID (Azure Active Directory) requires a different driver name (azuresql) to be passed in as a parameter as the sqlserver driver does not provide an implementation to obtain tokens.

I note that the README mentions that this project is not accepting support for additional SQL implementions, but I was wondering if this might be an exception as it introduces a different authentication method for the same dialect.

[CLAassistant]

All committers have signed the CLA.

[pablochacin]

@JBodkin-Amphora Thanks for your contribution. Based on this errors when building the extension after the changes in this PE, It looks like the PR is missing the updated go.mod and go.sum files:

Error: C:\Users\runneradmin\go\pkg\mod\github.com\microsoft\go-mssqldb@v1.6.0\azuread\configuration.go:13:2: github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azcore@v1.7.1: missing go.sum entry for go.mod file; to add it:
	go mod download github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azcore
Error: C:\Users\runneradmin\go\pkg\mod\github.com\microsoft\go-mssqldb@v1.6.0\azuread\configuration.go:14:2: github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azcore@v1.7.1: missing go.sum entry for go.mod file; to add it:
	go mod download github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azcore
Error: C:\Users\runneradmin\go\pkg\mod\github.com\microsoft\go-mssqldb@v1.6.0\azuread\configuration.go:15:2: github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azcore@v1.7.1: missing go.sum entry for go.mod file; to add it:
	go mod download github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azcore
Error: C:\Users\runneradmin\go\pkg\mod\github.com\microsoft\go-mssqldb@v1.6.0\azuread\configuration.go:16:2: github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azidentity@v1.3.0: missing go.sum entry for go.mod file; to add it:
	go mod download github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azidentity

[JBodkin-Amphora]

@pablochacin I've updated the pull request to include the go module checksums, please could you trigger the CI workflows again?

[pablochacin]

LGTM