Save state-out file locally when pushing to remote fails.

[roman-vynar]

Fixes #14298

[apparentlymart]

Thanks for this, @roman-vynar!

The general idea is sound here, but I wanted to address this at a different layer within Terraform so I have proposed #14423 instead. Your core idea of instantiating directly a LocalState instance as a fallback carried over into my PR, but I handled it as part of the apply command implementation rather than in the remote state implementation directly, since the code there is in a better position to interact with the user properly via the Ui abstraction.

I very much appreciate the time you spent on this! It gave me a good starting point to start thinking about this problem.

[roman-vynar]

@apparentlymart awesome!

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