iOffice TypeScript Style Guide

Disclaimer: This guide is inspired by the Airbnb JavaScript Style Guide. Most sections we see here will be taken straight from their guide and slowly adapted to the typescript language.

Types

1.1 Primitives: When you access a primitive type you work directly on its value.
- number
- string
- boolean
- null
- undefined
These types can be inferred by the typescript compiler and should not explicitly typed.

Why? Explicit types where they can be easily inferred by the compiler make code more verbose.
```
const foo = 1;
let bar = foo;

bar = 9;

console.log(foo, bar);  // => 1, 9
```
```
// bad
const foo: number = 1;

// good
let bar: number = foo;

bar = 9;

console.log(foo, bar);  // => 1, 9
```

1.2 Complex: When you access a complex type you work on a reference to its value.

object
array
function

const foo: number[] = [1, 2];
const bar: number[] = foo;

bar[0] = 9;

console.log(foo[0], bar[0]); // => 9, 9

1.3 Type Assertion: Avoid using the angle bracket type assertion.

Although both formats have the same effect our goal is to have a consistent type assertion style across our codebase. Using the as Type syntax can also avoid confusion with generic methods and classes that use angle brackets.
```
// bad
processProperty(<Person>user.property);

// good
processProperty((user as Person).property);
```
```
// bad
someGenericMethod<Person>(<Person>user);

// good
someGenericMethod<Person>(user as Person);
```

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References

2.1 Prefer Const: Use const for all of your references; avoid using var.

Why? This ensures that you can’t reassign your references, which can lead to bugs and difficult to comprehend code.

// bad
var a = 1;
var b = 2;

// good
const a = 1;
const b = 2;

// bad
function printPI() {
  let pi = 3.14;
  console.log(pi);
}

// good
function printPI() {
  const pi = 3.14;
  console.log(pi);
}

2.2 Disallow Var: If you must reassign references, use let instead of var/

Why? let is block-scoped rather than function-scoped like var.

// bad
var count = 1;
if (true) {
  count += 1;
}

// good, use the let.
let count = 1;
if (true) {
  count += 1;
}

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Functions

3.1 Unused Parameters: Remove them. To prevent them make sure to use noUnusedParameters in your tsconfig.json file.

We may end up with parameters that are not used when we refactor. If we keep them we risk having incorrect documentation and all sort of confusions.

In some cases, when creating listeners a function may require a certain signature which will undoubtedly bring us unused parameters. When this is the case simply name the placeholder variables with a leading underscore.
```
// bad
function foo(a, b, c) {
  return a + b;
}

// good
function foo(a, b) {
  return a + b;
}
```

3.2 Signature/Invocation: Functions with multiline signatures, or invocations, should be indented just like every other multiline list in this guide: with each item on a line by itself, with a trailing comma on the last item.

// bad
function foo(bar,
             baz,
             quux) {
  // ...
}

// good
function foo(
  bar,
  baz,
  quux,
) {
  // ...
}

// bad
console.log(foo,
  bar,
  baz);

// good
console.log(
  foo,
  bar,
  baz,
);

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Classes

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Arrow Functions

5.1 Use Them: When you must use function expressions (as when passing an anonymous function), use arrow function notation.

Why? It creates a version of the function that executes in the context of this, which is usually what you want, and is a more concise syntax.

Why not? If you have a fairly complicated function, you might move that logic out into its own function declaration.
```
// bad
[1, 2, 3].map(function (x) {
  const y = x + 1;
  return x * y;
});

// good
[1, 2, 3].map((x) => {
  const y = x + 1;
  return x * y;
});
```
```
// good
[0, null, 1, null, 2].filter(x => x !== null);
```

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Blocks

6.1 Braces: Use braces with all multi-line blocks.

// bad
if (test)
  return false;

// good
if (test) return false;

// good
if (test) {
  return false;
}

// bad
function foo() { return false; }

// good
function bar() {
  return false;
}

6.2 Cuddled Elses: If you're using multi-line blocks with if and else, put else on the same line as your if block's closing brace.

// bad
if (test) {
  thing1();
  thing2();
}
else {
  thing3();
}

// good
if (test) {
  thing1();
  thing2();
} else {
  thing3();
}

6.3 No Else Return: If an if block always executes a return statement, the subsequent else block is unnecessary. A return in an else if block following an if block that contains a return can be separated into multiple if blocks.

// bad
function foo() {
  if (x) {
    return x;
  } else {
    return y;
  }
}

// good
function foo() {
  if (x) {
    return x;
  }

  return y;
}

// bad
function cats() {
  if (x) {
    return x;
  } else if (y) {
    return y;
  }
}

// good
function cats() {
  if (x) {
    return x;
  }

  if (y) {
    return y;
  }
}

// bad
function dogs() {
  if (x) {
    return x;
  } else {
    if (y) {
      return y;
    }
  }
}

// good
function dogs() {
  if (x) {
    if (z) {
      return y;
    }
  } else {
    return z;
  }
}

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Whitespace

7.1 Spaces: Use soft tabs set to 2 spaces.

// bad
function foo() {
    const name;
}

// bad
function bar() {
 const name;
}

// good
function baz() {
  const name;
}

7.2 Single Space: Use no more than a single space. Multiple spaces in a row that are not used for indentation are typically mistakes. No other rule should allow multiple spaces.

Adding unnecessary spaces for the sake of aligning code typically leads to chaotic git differences.

// bad
import { mod          } from 'mod';
import { someOtherMod } from 'some-other-mod';

// good
import { mod } from 'mod';
import { someOtherMod } from 'some-other-mod';

// bad
const someVar      = 'foo';
const someOtherVar = 'barBaz';

// good
const someVar = 'foo';
const someOtherVar = 'barBaz';

// bad
const obj = {
  first:      'first',
  secondLine: 'second',
};

// good
const obj = {
  first: 'first',
  secondLine: 'second',
};

7.3 In Braces: Add spaces inside curly braces.

// bad
const foo = {clark: 'kent'};

// good
const foo = { clark: 'kent' };

7.4 Consecutive Blank Lines: Avoid multiple empty lines and only allow one line at the end of the file.
```
// bad
const x = 1;



const y = 2;

// good
const x = 1;

const y = 2;
```

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Commas

8.1 Leading Commas: Nope.

// bad
const story = [
  once
  , upon
  , aTime
];

// good
const story = [
  once,
  upon,
  aTime,
];

// bad
const hero = {
  firstName: 'Ada'
  , lastName: 'Lovelace'
  , birthYear: 1815
  , superPower: 'computers'
};

// good
const hero = {
  firstName: 'Ada',
  lastName: 'Lovelace',
  birthYear: 1815,
  superPower: 'computers',
};

8.2 Trailing Commas: Additional trailing comma: Yup.

Why? This leads to cleaner git diffs. Also, the Typescript transpiler will remove the additional trailing comma in the transpiled code which means you don’t have to worry about the trailing comma problem in legacy browsers.

// bad
const hero = {
  firstName: 'Dana',
  lastName: 'Scully'
};

const heroes = [
  'Batman',
  'Superman'
];

// good
const hero = {
  firstName: 'Dana',
  lastName: 'Scully',
};

const heroes = [
  'Batman',
  'Superman',
];

// bad
function createHero(
  firstName,
  lastName,
  inventorOf
) {
  // does nothing
}

// good
function createHero(
  firstName,
  lastName,
  inventorOf,
) {
  // does nothing
}

// good (note that a comma must not appear after a "rest" element)
function createHero(
  firstName,
  lastName,
  inventorOf,
  ...heroArgs
) {
  // does nothing
}

// bad
createHero(
  firstName,
  lastName,
  inventorOf
);

// good
createHero(
  firstName,
  lastName,
  inventorOf,
);

// good (note that a comma must not appear after a "rest" element)
createHero(
  firstName,
  lastName,
  inventorOf,
  // TODO: Remove next tslint disable once the rule is fixed.
  // tslint:disable-next-line
  ...heroArgs
);

// good
createHero(firstName, lastName, inventorOf);

// bad
createHero(firstName, lastName, inventorOf, );

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Semicolons

9.1 Required: Yup.

Why? When JavaScript encounters a line break without a semicolon, it uses a set of rules called Automatic Semicolon Insertion to determine whether or not it should regard that line break as the end of a statement, and (as the name implies) place a semicolon into your code before the line break if it thinks so. ASI contains a few eccentric behaviors, though, and your code will break if JavaScript misinterprets your line break. These rules will become more complicated as new features become a part of JavaScript. Explicitly terminating your statements and configuring your linter to catch missing semicolons will help prevent you from encountering issues.

// bad - raises exception
const luke = {}
const leia = {}
[luke, leia].forEach(jedi => jedi.father = 'vader')

// bad - raises exception
const reaction = "No! That's impossible!"
(async function meanwhileOnTheFalcon() {
  // handle `leia`, `lando`, `chewie`, `r2`, `c3p0`
  // ...
}())

// bad - returns `undefined` instead of the value on the next line - always happens when `return` is on a line by itself because of ASI!
function foo() {
  return
    'search your feelings, you know it to be foo'
}

// good
const luke = {};
const leia = {};
[luke, leia].forEach((jedi) => {
  jedi.father = 'vader';
});

// good
const reaction = "No! That's impossible!";
(async function meanwhileOnTheFalcon() {
  // handle `leia`, `lando`, `chewie`, `r2`, `c3p0`
  // ...
}());

// good
function foo() {
  return 'search your feelings, you know it to be foo';
}

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Modules

10.1 Use Them: Always use modules (import/export) over a non-standard module system. You can always transpile to your preferred module system.

Why? Modules are the future

// bad
const iOfficeStyleGuide = require('./iOfficeStyleGuide');
module.exports = iOfficeStyleGuide.ts;

// ok
import * as iOfficeStyleGuide from './iOfficeStyleGuide';
const ts = iOfficeStyleGuide.ts;
export {
  ts,
};

// best
import { ts } from './iOfficeStyleGuide';
export {
  ts,
};

10.2 Single Export: Do not use default exports. Use a single named export which declares all the classes, functions, objects and interfaces that the module is exporting.

Why? Named imports/exports promote clarity. In addition, current tooling differs on the correct way to handle default imports/exports. Avoiding them all together can help avoid tooling bugs and conflicts.

Using a single named export allows us to see in one place all the objects that we are exporting.
```
// bad
export class A {}
export class B {}
export default A;

// good
class C {}
class D {}
export {
  C,
  D,
};
```
```
// bad
export default function() {
}

// good
function A() {
}
export { A };
```
```
// good
function A() {
}
export { A };
```

10.3 Import Order: Import statements should be alphabetized and sorted. Sources of different groups must be sorted by 3rd party libraries, libraries provided by iOFFICE and finally local modules.

Currently this is specified by the io-import-style since the ordered-imports rule has not merged the change that will allow us to create custom groups.

Why? It enforces a consistent ordering.
```
// bad
import { B, A } from 'xyz';

// good
import { A, B } from 'xyz';
```
```
// bad
import { a } from './local/path';
import { B, A, D, C } from 'xyz';
import { b } from '../parent/directory';
```
```
// good
import { A, B, C, D } from 'xyz';

import { b } from '../parent/directory';
import { a } from './local/path';
```

10.4 Multiline Imports: Multiline imports should be indented just like multiline array and object literals.

Why? The curly braces follow the same indentation rules as every other curly brace block in the style guide, as do the trailing commas.
```
// bad
import {longNameA, longNameB, longNameC, longNameD, longNameE} from 'path';
```
```
// good
import {
  longNameA,
  longNameB,
  longNameC,
  longNameD,
  longNameE,
} from 'path';
```

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License

MIT License

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

Amendments

Following Airbnb's advice, we also encourage you to fork this guide and change the rules to fit your team's style guide.

The code provided should make it easy to make adjustments to the examples since they are linted with the tslint configuration. If you do not agree with part of the configuration simply change it, test the guide and make the appropiate changes to it.

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
Latest commit History 101 Commits
src		src
.editorconfig		.editorconfig
.gitignore		.gitignore
.npmignore		.npmignore
.travis.yml		.travis.yml
AMENDMENTS.md		AMENDMENTS.md
CHANGELOG.md		CHANGELOG.md
CONTRIBUTING.md		CONTRIBUTING.md
LICENSE		LICENSE
Makefile		Makefile
README.md		README.md
package.json		package.json
tsconfig.core.json		tsconfig.core.json
tsconfig.json		tsconfig.json
tslint-config-ioffice.json		tslint-config-ioffice.json
tslint.json		tslint.json
yarn.lock		yarn.lock

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iOffice TypeScript Style Guide

Table of Contents

Types

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iOffice TypeScript Style Guide

Table of Contents

Types

References

Functions

Classes

Arrow Functions

Blocks

Whitespace

Commas

Semicolons

Modules

License

Amendments

About

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