Fixes coalesce and case operators in multithreaded environments with …

…different number of arguments (backport to 4.0)

The bug is described in the issue eclipse-ee4j#2136. The bug was in the 2.7 version, and it was somewhat fixed in later versions but still failed when the statements had different number of parameters.

TestArgumentListFunctionExpressionConcurrency.java - adds tests that reproduce the bug.
ArgumentListFunctionExpression.java - fixes printSQL to use the operator itself and not the common instance of it.

foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/expressions/ArgumentListFunctionExpression.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 1998, 2021 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 1998, 2024 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * Copyright (c) 2021 IBM Corporation. All rights reserved.
  *
  * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
@@ -94,11 +94,10 @@ public void setOperator(ExpressionOperator theOperator) {
      */
     @Override
     public void printSQL(ExpressionSQLPrinter printer) {
-        ListExpressionOperator realOperator;
-        realOperator = (ListExpressionOperator)getPlatformOperator(printer.getPlatform());
-        operator.copyTo(realOperator);
-        ((ListExpressionOperator) realOperator).setIsComplete(true);
-        realOperator.printCollection(this.children, printer);
+        ListExpressionOperator operator = (ListExpressionOperator) this.operator;
+
+        operator.setIsComplete(true);
+        operator.printCollection(this.children, printer);
     }
 
 

jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test.jse/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/jpa/test/jpql/TestArgumentListFunctionExpressionConcurrency.java

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 IBM Corporation. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
+ * terms of the Eclipse Public License v. 2.0 which is available at
+ * http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-2.0,
+ * or the Eclipse Distribution License v. 1.0 which is available at
+ * http://www.eclipse.org/org/documents/edl-v10.php.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: EPL-2.0 OR BSD-3-Clause
+ */
+package org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.test.jpql;
+
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
+import java.util.function.ObjIntConsumer;
+
+import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.test.framework.DDLGen;
+import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.test.framework.Emf;
+import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.test.framework.EmfRunner;
+import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.test.jpql.model.JPQLEntity;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import jakarta.persistence.EntityManager;
+import jakarta.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
+
+/**
+ * This test reproduces the issues #2136, #1867 and #1717.
+ *
+ * @author Igor Mukhin
+ */
+@RunWith(EmfRunner.class)
+public class TestArgumentListFunctionExpressionConcurrency {
+
+    private static final int MAX_THREADS = Math.min(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors(), 4);
+    private static final int ITERATIONS_PER_THREAD = 1000;
+
+    @Emf(name = "argumentListFunctionExpressionConcurrencyEMF", createTables = DDLGen.DROP_CREATE, classes = { JPQLEntity.class })
+    private EntityManagerFactory emf;
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConcurrentUseOfCoalesce() throws Exception {
+        runInParallel((em, i) -> {
+            String jpql;
+            if (i % 2 == 0) {
+                jpql = "SELECT p FROM JPQLEntity p  WHERE p.string1 = coalesce(p.string2, p.string1, '" + cacheBuster(i) + "')";
+            } else {
+                jpql = "SELECT p FROM JPQLEntity p  WHERE p.string1 = coalesce(p.string2, '" + cacheBuster(i) + "')";
+            }
+            em.createQuery(jpql, JPQLEntity.class).getResultList();
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConcurrentUseOfCaseCondition() throws Exception {
+        runInParallel((em, i) -> {
+            String jpql;
+            if (i % 2 == 0) {
+                jpql = "SELECT p FROM JPQLEntity p"
+                        + " WHERE p.string1 = case "
+                        + "   when p.string2 = '" + cacheBuster(i) + "' then p.string1 "
+                        + "   else null "
+                        + "   end";
+            } else {
+                jpql = "SELECT p FROM JPQLEntity p"
+                        + " WHERE p.string1 = case "
+                        + "   when p.string2 = '" + cacheBuster(i) + "' then p.string1"
+                        + "   when p.string2 = 'x' then p.string2"
+                        + "   else null "
+                        + "   end";
+
+            }
+            em.createQuery(jpql, JPQLEntity.class).getResultList();
+        });
+    }
+
+    private static String cacheBuster(Integer i) {
+        return "cacheBuster." + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "." + i;
+    }
+
+    private void runInParallel(ObjIntConsumer<EntityManager> runnable) throws Exception {
+        AtomicReference<Exception> exception = new AtomicReference<>();
+
+        // start all threads
+        List<Thread> threads = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (int t = 0; t < MAX_THREADS; t++) {
+            Thread thread = new Thread(() -> {
+                try {
+                    for (int i = 0; i < ITERATIONS_PER_THREAD; i++) {
+                        if (exception.get() != null) {
+                            return;
+                        }
+
+                        try (EntityManager em = emf.createEntityManager()) {
+                            runnable.accept(em, i);
+                        }
+
+                    }
+                } catch (Exception e) {
+                    exception.set(e);
+                }
+            });
+            threads.add(thread);
+            thread.start();
+        }
+
+        // wait for all threads to finish
+        threads.forEach(thread -> {
+            try {
+                thread.join();
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                exception.set(e);
+            }
+        });
+
+        // throw the first exception that occurred
+        if (exception.get() != null) {
+            throw exception.get();
+        }
+    }
+}