Awesome Deep Time-Series Representations

This is a repository to help all readers who are interested in learning universal representations of time series with deep learning. If your papers are missing or you have other requests, please post an issue, create a pull request, or contact patara.t@kaist.ac.kr. We will update this repository at a regular basis in accordance with the top-tier conference publication cycles to maintain up-to-date.

Next Batch: ICDM 2024, CIKM 2024, NeurIPS 2024

Accompanying Paper: Universal Time-Series Representation Learning: A Survey

@article{trirat2024universal,
  title={Universal Time-Series Representation Learning: A Survey},
  author={Patara Trirat and Yooju Shin and Junhyeok Kang and Youngeun Nam and Jihye Na and Minyoung Bae and Joeun Kim and Byunghyun Kim and Jae-Gil Lee},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2401.03717},
  year={2024}
}

Proposed Taxonomy

Contents

• Related Survey Papers
  • Time-Series Data Mining and Analysis
  • General Representation Learning
• Research Papers
  • Neural Architectural Approaches
  • Learning-Focused Approaches
  • Data-Centric Approaches
• Other Repositories

Related Surveys (Latest Update: July, 2024)

Time-Series Data Mining and Analysis

Title	Affiliation	Venue	Year
Discrete Wavelet Transform-based Time Series Analysis and Mining	University of Maryland	ACM CSUR	2011
Time-Series Data Mining	IRCAM	ACM CSUR	2012
A Review of Unsupervised Feature Learning and Deep Learning for Time-Series Modeling	Örebro University	Pattern Recognition Letters	2014
Time-series clustering – A decade review	University of Malaya	Information Systems	2015
Deep Learning for Time-Series Analysis	University of Kaiserslautern	arXiv	2017
A survey of methods for time series change point detection	Washington State University	KAIS	2017
Survey on time series motif discovery	Ostwestfalen-Lippe University of Applied Sciences	WIDM	2017
Wavelet Transform Application for/in Non-Stationary Time-Series Analysis: A Review	Ecole Nationale des Sciences de l’Informatique	MDPI Applied Sciences	2019
Deep learning for time series classification: a review	Université Haute Alsace	Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery	2019
Anomaly Detection for IoT Time-Series Data: A Survey	University of Keele	IEEE IoT-J	2019
A Review of Deep Learning Methods for Irregularly Sampled Medical Time Series Data	Peking University	arXiv	2020
Approaches and Applications of Early Classification of Time Series: A Review	Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi	IEEE TAI	2020
A Survey on Principles, Models and Methods for Learning from Irregularly Sampled Time Series	University of Massachusetts Amherst	NeurIPS Workshop on ML-RSA	2020
A Review of Deep Learning Models for Time Series Prediction	Dalian University of Technology	IEEE Sensors Journal	2021
An empirical survey of data augmentation for time series classification with neural networks	Kyushu University	PLOS ONE	2021
Time-series forecasting with deep learning: a survey	University of Oxford	Phil.Trans.R.Soc.A	2021
A Review on Outlier/Anomaly Detection in Time Series Data	Basque Research and Technology Alliance	ACM CSUR	2021
A Review of Time-Series Anomaly Detection Techniques: A Step to Future Perspectives	University of Newcastle	FICC	2021
Deep Learning for Anomaly Detection in Time-Series Data: Review, Analysis, and Guidelines	Seoul National University	IEEE Access	2021
Time Series Data Augmentation for Deep Learning: A Survey	Alibaba Group	IJCAI	2021
An Experimental Review on Deep Learning Architectures for Time Series Forecasting	University of Sevilla	IJNS	2021
Experimental Comparison and Survey of Twelve Time Series Anomaly Detection Algorithms	Verint	JAIR	2021
Causal inference for time series analysis: problems, methods and evaluation	Arizona State University	KAIS	2021
End-to-end deep representation learning for time series clustering: a comparative study	Université de Haute Alsace	Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery	2022
Survey and Evaluation of Causal Discovery Methods for Time Series	Université Grenoble Alpes	JAIR	2022
A Review of Recurrent Neural Network-Based Methods in Computational Physiology	University of Pittsburgh	IEEE TNNLS	2022
Deep Learning for Time Series Anomaly Detection: A Survey	Monash University	arXiv	2022
Deep Learning for Time Series Forecasting: Tutorial and Literature Survey	Amazon Research	ACM CSUR	2022
Transformers in Time Series: A Survey	Alibaba Group	IJCAI	2023
Deep Learning for Time Series Classification and Extrinsic Regression: A Current Survey	Monash University	arXiv	2023
Label-efficient Time Series Representation Learning: A Review	Nanyang Technological University	arXiv	2023
Neural Time Series Analysis with Fourier Transform: A Survey	Beijing Institute of Technology	arXiv	2023
A Survey on Dimensionality Reduction Techniques for Time-Series Data	University of Colorado Boulder	IEEE Access	2023
Long sequence time-series forecasting with deep learning: A survey	Southwest Jiaotong University	Information Fusion	2023
Data Augmentation techniques in time series domain: a survey and taxonomy	Universidad Politécnica de Madrid	Neural Computing & Applications	2023
Diffusion Models for Time Series Applications: A Survey	University of Sydney	arXiv	2023
A Survey on Time-Series Pre-Trained Models	South China University of Technology	arXiv	2023
Self-Supervised Contrastive Learning for Medical Time Series: A Systematic Review	RMIT University	MDPI Sensors	2023
Self-Supervised Learning for Time Series Analysis: Taxonomy, Progress, and Prospects	Zhejiang University	IEEE TPAMI	2024
Unsupervised Representation Learning for Time Series: A Review	Shandong University	arXiv	2023
Large Models for Time Series and Spatio-Temporal Data: A Survey and Outlook	Monash University	arXiv	2023
Foundation Models for Time Series Analysis: A Tutorial and Survey	The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology	arXiv	2024
Large Language Models for Time Series: A Survey	University of California, San Diego	arxiv	2024
Empowering Time Series Analysis with Large Language Models: A Survey	University of Connecticut	arxiv	2024
A Survey of Time Series Foundation Models: Generalizing Time Series Representation with Large Language Model	Hong Kong University of Science and Technology	arxiv	2024
Position: What Can Large Language Models Tell Us about Time Series Analysis	Griffith University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)	ICML	2024
Deep Time Series Models: A Comprehensive Survey and Benchmark	Tsinghua University	arXiv	2024

Representation Learning

Title	Affiliation	Venue	Year
Representation Learning: A Review and New Perspectives	University of Montreal	IEEE TPAMI	2013
A Survey of Multi-View Representation Learning	Zhejiang University	IEEE TKDE	2019
Deep Multimodal Representation Learning: A Survey	Fuzhou University	IEEE Access	2019
A Survey on Representation Learning for User Modeling	University of Georgia	IJCAI	2020
A survey on deep geometry learning: From a representation perspective	Chinese Academy of Sciences	Computational Visual Media	2020
A Review on Deep Learning Approaches for 3D Data Representations in Retrieval and Classifications	Xiamen University	IEEE Access	2020
Contrastive Representation Learning: A Framework and Review	Dublin City University	IEEE Access	2020
Beyond Just Vision: A Review on Self-Supervised Representation Learning on Multimodal and Temporal Data	RMIT University	arXiv	2022
Self-Supervised Representation Learning: Introduction, advances, and challenges	University of Edinburgh	IEEE Signal Processing Magazine	2022
A Brief Overview of Universal Sentence Representation Methods: A Linguistic View	KU Leuven	ACM CSUR	2022
Network Representation Learning: From Preprocessing, Feature Extraction to Node Embedding	Soochow University	ACM CSUR	2022
Evaluation Methods for Representation Learning: A Survey	University of Tokyo	IJCAI	2022
Self-Supervised Speech Representation Learning: A Review	Meta	IEEE JSTSP	2022
A Survey on Hypergraph Representation Learning	Università degli Studi di Torino	ACM CSUR	2023
Representation learning for knowledge fusion and reasoning in Cyber–Physical–Social Systems: Survey and perspectives	Hainan University	Information Fusion	2023
Survey of Deep Representation Learning for Speech Emotion Recognition	University of Southern Queensland	IEEE TAFFC	2023
Graph Representation Learning and Its Applications: A Survey	Catholic University of Korea	MDPI Sensors	2023
Graph Representation Learning Meets Computer Vision: A Survey	Xidian University	IEEE TAI	2023
A Comprehensive Survey on Deep Graph Representation Learning	Peking University	arXiv	2023
Dynamic Graph Representation Learning with Neural Networks: A Survey	University of Rouen Normandy	arXiv	2023
Multiscale Representation Learning for Image Classification: A Survey	Xidian University	IEEE TAI	2023
A Survey on Protein Representation Learning: Retrospect and Prospect	Westlake University	arXiv	2023

Research Papers (Latest Update: KDD 2024)

Neural Architectural Approaches

Studies in this group focus on the novel design of neural architectures by combining basic building blocks or redesigning a neural architecture from scratch to improve the capability of capturing temporal dependencies and inter-relationships between variables of multivariate time series. We can further categorize the studies into the basic block combination and innovative redesign categories based on the degree of architecture adjustment.

Year	Title	Venue
2018	Learning representations of multivariate time series with missing data	Pattern Recognition
2018	Multilevel Wavelet Decomposition Network for Interpretable Time Series Analysis	KDD
2019	Latent ODEs for Irregularly-Sampled Time Series	NeurIPS
2019	Learning Disentangled Representations of Satellite Image Time Series	ECML PKDD
2019	Unsupervised Scalable Representation Learning for Multivariate Time Series	NeurIPS
2019	Audio Word2vec: Sequence-to-Sequence Autoencoding for Unsupervised Learning of Audio Segmentation and Representation	IEEE/ACM TASLP
2019	Towards Explainable Representation of Time-Evolving Graphs via Spatial-Temporal Graph Attention Networks	CIKM
2020	A real-time action representation with temporal encoding and deep compression	IEEE TCSVT
2020	End-to-End Incomplete Time-Series Modeling From Linear Memory of Latent Variables	IEEE TCYB
2020	Memory-Augmented Dense Predictive Coding for Video Representation Learning	ECCV
2020	Temporal Aggregate Representations for Long-Range Video Understanding	ECCV
2021	Attentive Neural Controlled Differential Equations for Time-series Classification and Forecasting	ICDM
2021	TE-ESN: Time Encoding Echo State Network for Prediction Based on Irregularly Sampled Time Series Data	IJCAI
2021	SSAN: Separable Self-Attention Network for Video Representation Learning	CVPR
2021	Multi-Time Attention Networks for Irregularly Sampled Time Series	ICLR
2021	Time Series Domain Adaptation via Sparse Associative Structure Alignment	AAAI
2021	A deep multi-task representation learning method for time series classification and retrieval	Information Sciences
2021	A Transformer-based Framework for Multivariate Time Series Representation Learning	KDD
2021	DeLTa: Deep local pattern representation for time-series clustering and classification using visual perception	KBS
2021	TriBERT: Human-centric Audio-visual Representation Learning	NeurIPS
2022	CrossPyramid: Neural Ordinary Differential Equations Architecture for Partially-observed Time-series	arXiv
2022	EXIT: Extrapolation and Interpolation-based Neural Controlled Differential Equations for Time-series Classification and Forecasting	WebConf
2022	Modeling Irregular Time Series with Continuous Recurrent Units	ICML
2022	Towards Learning Disentangled Representations for Time Series	KDD
2022	MARINA: An MLP-Attention Model for Multivariate Time-Series Analysis	CIKM
2022	TARNet : Task-Aware Reconstruction for Time-Series Transformer	KDD
2022	Weakly Paired Associative Learning for Sound and Image Representations via Bimodal Associative Memory	CVPR
2022	Decoupling Local and Global Representations of Time Series	AISTATS
2022	HyperTime: Implicit Neural Representations for Time Series	NeurIPS (Workshop)
2022	TCGL: Temporal Contrastive Graph for Self-Supervised Video Representation Learning	IEEE TIP
2022	Unsupervised Time-Series Representation Learning with Iterative Bilinear Temporal-Spectral Fusion	ICML
2023	ContiFormer: Continuous-Time Transformer for Irregular Time Series Modeling	NeurIPS
2023	TriD-MAE: A Generic Pre-trained Model for Multivariate Time Series with Missing Values	CIKM
2023	Neural Continuous-Discrete State Space Models for Irregularly-Sampled Time Series	ICML
2023	Contrast Everything: A Hierarchical Contrastive Framework for Medical Time-Series	NeurIPS
2023	One Fits All: Universal Time Series Analysis by Pretrained LM and Specially Designed Adaptors	arXiv
2023	Multivariate Time Series Representation Learning via Hierarchical Correlation Pooling Boosted Graph Neural Network	IEEE TAI
2023	One Fits All: Power General Time Series Analysis by Pretrained LM	NeurIPS
2023	One Transformer for All Time Series: Representing and Training with Time-Dependent Heterogeneous Tabular Data	arXiv
2023	Time Series Continuous Modeling for Imputation and Forecasting with Implicit Neural Representations	arXiv
2023	UniTS: A Universal Time Series Analysis Framework with Self-supervised Representation Learning	arXiv
2023	Modeling Temporal Data as Continuous Functions with Stochastic Process Diffusion	ICML
2023	TimesNet: Temporal 2D-Variation Modeling for General Time Series Analysis	ICLR
2023	A Shapelet-based Framework for Unsupervised Multivariate Time Series Representation Learning	VLDB
2023	A Multi-Scale Decomposition MLP-Mixer for Time Series Analysis	arXiv
2023	Effectively Modeling Time Series with Simple Discrete State Spaces	ICLR
2023	FEAT: A general framework for Feature-aware Multivariate Time-series Representation Learning	KBS
2023	Learning Robust and Consistent Time Series Representations: A Dilated Inception-Based Approach	arXiv
2023	Multi-Task Self-Supervised Time-Series Representation Learning	arXiv
2023	WHEN: A Wavelet-DTW Hybrid Attention Network for Heterogeneous Time Series Analysis	KDD
2023	Sparse Binary Transformers for Multivariate Time Series Modeling	KDD
2024	NEWTIME: NUMERICALLY MULTI-SCALED EMBEDDING FOR LARGE-SCALE TIME SERIES PRETRAINING	arXiv
2024	Fully-Connected Spatial-Temporal Graph for Multivariate Time-Series Data	AAAI
2024	FITS: MODELING TIME SERIES WITH 10k PARAMETERS	ICLR
2024	GAFORMER: ENHANCING TIMESERIES TRANSFORMERS THROUGH GROUP-AWARE EMBEDDINGS	ICLR
2024	T-REP: REPRESENTATION LEARNING FOR TIME SERIES USING TIME-EMBEDDINGS	ICLR
2024	UNITS: A Unified Multi-Task Time Series Model	arXiv
2024	STABLE NEURAL STOCHASTIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS IN ANALYZING IRREGULAR TIME SERIES DATA	ICLR
2024	CNN KERNELS CAN BE THE BEST SHAPELETS	ICLR
2024	LEARNING TO EMBED TIME SERIES PATCHES INDEPENDENTLY	ICLR
2024	CARD: Channel Aligned Robust Blend Transformer for Time Series Forecasting	ICLR
2024	MODERNTCN: A MODERN PURE CONVOLUTION STRUCTURE FOR GENERAL TIME SERIES ANALYSIS	ICLR
2024	UP2ME: Univariate Pre-training to Multivariate Fine-tuning as a General-purpose Framework for Multivariate Time Series Analysis	ICML
2024	TSLANet: Rethinking Transformers for Time Series Representation Learning	ICML
2024	Timer: Generative Pre-trained Transformers Are Large Time Series Models	ICML
2024	MF-CLR: Multi-Frequency Contrastive Learning Representation for Time Series	ICML
2024	MOMENT: A Family of Open Time-series Foundation Models	ICML
2024	Self-Supervised Learning of Time Series Representation via Diffusion Process and Imputation-Interpolation-Forecasting Mask	KDD

Learning-Focused Approaches

Studies in this category focus on devising novel objective functions or pretext tasks used for the representation learning process, i.e., model training. The learning objectives can be categorized into supervised, unsupervised, or self-supervised learning, depending on the use of labeled instances. The difference between unsupervised and self-supervised learning is the presence of pseudo labels. Specifically, unsupervised learning is based on the reconstruction of its input, while self-supervised learning uses pseudo labels as self-supervision signals.

Year	Title	Venue
2018	Random Warping Series: A Random Features Method for Time-Series Embedding	AISTATS
2018	Sqn2Vec: Learning Sequence Representation via Sequential Patterns with a Gap Constraint	ECML PKDD
2019	Learning Disentangled Representations of Satellite Image Time Series	ECML PKDD
2019	Wave2Vec: Deep representation learning for clinical temporal data	Neurocomputing
2019	Unsupervised Scalable Representation Learning for Multivariate Time Series	NeurIPS
2019	Audio Word2vec: Sequence-to-Sequence Autoencoding for Unsupervised Learning of Audio Segmentation and Representation	IEEE/ACM TASLP
2020	TimeAutoML: Autonomous Representation Learning for Multivariate Irregularly Sampled Time Series	arXiv
2020	Learning Representations from Audio-Visual Spatial Alignment	NeurIPS
2020	Cycle-Contrast for Self-Supervised Video Representation Learning	NeurIPS
2020	End-to-End Incomplete Time-Series Modeling From Linear Memory of Latent Variables	IEEE TCYB
2020	Self-supervised Video Representation Learning by Pace Prediction	ECCV
2020	Memory-Augmented Dense Predictive Coding for Video Representation Learning	ECCV
2021	Unsupervised Representation Learning for Time Series with Temporal Neighborhood Coding	ICLR
2021	Long Short View Feature Decomposition via Contrastive Video Representation Learning	ICCV
2021	A Transformer-based Framework for Multivariate Time Series Representation Learning	KDD
2021	TriBERT: Human-centric Audio-visual Representation Learning	NeurIPS
2021	Learning by aligning videos in time	CVPR
2021	Representation Learning via Global Temporal Alignment and Cycle-Consistency	CVPR
2021	Spatiotemporal Contrastive Video Representation Learning	CVPR
2021	Time-Equivariant Contrastive Video Representation Learning	ICCV
2021	Time-Series Representation Learning via Temporal and Contextual Contrasting	IJCAI
2021	RSPNet: Relative Speed Perception for Unsupervised Video Representation Learning	AAAI
2022	TS-Rep: Self-supervised time series representation learning from robot sensor data	NeurIPS (Workshop)
2022	TARNet : Task-Aware Reconstruction for Time-Series Transformer	KDD
2022	TimeCLR: A self-supervised contrastive learning framework for univariate time series representation	KBS
2022	Weakly Paired Associative Learning for Sound and Image Representations via Bimodal Associative Memory	CVPR
2022	Contrastive Spatio-Temporal Pretext Learning for Self-Supervised Video Representation	AAAI
2022	Dual Contrastive Learning for Spatio-temporal Representation	MM
2022	Self-Supervised Contrastive Pre-Training For Time Series via Time-Frequency Consistency	NeurIPS
2022	Self-Supervised Time Series Representation Learning with Temporal-Instance Similarity Distillation	ICML (Workshop)
2022	TS2Vec: Towards Universal Representation of Time Series	AAAI
2022	Cross-Architecture Self-supervised Video Representation Learning	CVPR
2022	Learning from Untrimmed Videos: Self-Supervised Video Representation Learning with Hierarchical Consistency	CVPR
2022	TransRank: Self-supervised Video Representation Learning via Ranking-based Transformation Recognition	CVPR
2022	Frame-wise Action Representations for Long Videos via Sequence Contrastive Learning	CVPR
2022	On Temporal Granularity in Self-Supervised Video Representation Learning	BMVC
2022	Self-Supervised Spatiotemporal Representation Learning by Exploiting Video Continuity	AAAI
2022	Hierarchically Decoupled Spatial-Temporal Contrast for Self-supervised Video Representation Learning	WACV
2022	Self-supervised Video Representation Learning by Uncovering Spatio-temporal Statistics	IEEE TPAMI
2022	TCGL: Temporal Contrastive Graph for Self-Supervised Video Representation Learning	IEEE TIP
2022	TCLR: Temporal contrastive learning for video representation	CVIU
2023	PrimeNet: Pre-Training for Irregular Multivariate Time Series	AAAI
2023	Contrast Everything: A Hierarchical Contrastive Framework for Medical Time-Series	NeurIPS
2023	SimMTM: A Simple Pre-Training Framework for Masked Time-Series Modeling