feat(stdlibs/std)!: namespace minted coins with realm path (gnolang#875)

<!-- Please provide a brief summary of your changes in the Title above
-->
# Previous & Related PR
gnolang#393 

# Description
## BREAKING CHANGE: banker will not use raw(input) denom for minting
Currently, there is a bug that additional coins are mintable using
banker.
Lots of discussing were made in gnolang#393, this PR include following.

1. It aims to use `pkg_path` that called (banker or Mint) as prefix for
denom(Similar to IBC Spec)
```
ibc_denom := 'ibc/' + hash('path' + 'base_denom')
denom_in_this_pr := '{pkg_path}:denom'
```

~2. As @piux2 mentioned
[here](gnolang#393 (comment))
currently gno has very inflexible format regexp for denom
-- Changed to same as Cosmos's regex, but without capitals~


~### is some issue about using `std.GetOrigCaller` or `std.PrevRealm`
Some of you might be wonder why I made some packaged called `istd`, I
made a issue: gnolang#876~
Update: After @thehowl's native binding PR, doesn't need this kind of
work around


## Contributors Checklist

- [x] Added new tests, or not needed, or not feasible
- [x] Provided an example (e.g. screenshot) to aid review or the PR is
self-explanatory
- [ ] Updated the official documentation or not needed
- [x] No breaking changes were made, or a `BREAKING CHANGE: xxx` message
was included in the description
- [x] Added references to related issues and PRs
- [ ] Provided any useful hints for running manual tests

## Maintainers Checklist

- [ ] Checked that the author followed the guidelines in
`CONTRIBUTING.md`
- [ ] Checked the conventional-commit (especially PR title and verb,
presence of `BREAKING CHANGE:` in the body)
- [ ] Ensured that this PR is not a significant change or confirmed that
the review/consideration process was appropriate for the change

---------

Co-authored-by: Morgan <git@howl.moe>

gno.land/cmd/gnoland/testdata/realm-banker-issued-coin-denom.txtar

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+# test for https://github.com/gnolang/gno/pull/875
+
+## another test user, test2
+adduser test2
+
+## start a new node
+gnoland start
+
+## add realm_banker
+gnokey maketx addpkg -pkgdir $WORK/short -pkgpath gno.land/r/test/realm_banker -gas-fee 1000000ugnot -gas-wanted 10000000 -broadcast -chainid=tendermint_test test1
+
+## add realm_banker with long package_name
+gnokey maketx addpkg -pkgdir $WORK/long -pkgpath gno.land/r/test/package89_123456789_123456789_123456789_123456789_123456789_123456789_123456789_123456789_123456789_123456789_123456789_1234567890 -gas-fee 1000000ugnot -gas-wanted 10000000 -broadcast -chainid=tendermint_test test1
+
+## test2 spend all balance
+gnokey maketx send -send "9999999ugnot" -to g1jg8mtutu9khhfwc4nxmuhcpftf0pajdhfvsqf5 -gas-fee 1ugnot -gas-wanted 10000000 -broadcast -chainid=tendermint_test test2
+
+## check test2 balance
+gnokey query bank/balances/${USER_ADDR_test2}
+stdout ''
+
+## mint coin from banker
+gnokey maketx call -pkgpath gno.land/r/test/realm_banker -func Mint -args ${USER_ADDR_test2} -args "ugnot" -args "31337" -gas-fee 1000000ugnot -gas-wanted 10000000 -broadcast -chainid=tendermint_test test1
+
+## check balance after minting, without patching banker will return '31337ugnot'
+gnokey query bank/balances/${USER_ADDR_test2}
+stdout '"31337/gno.land/r/test/realm_banker:ugnot"'
+
+## burn coin
+gnokey maketx call -pkgpath gno.land/r/test/realm_banker -func Burn -args ${USER_ADDR_test2} -args "ugnot" -args "7" -gas-fee 1000000ugnot -gas-wanted 10000000 -broadcast -chainid=tendermint_test test1
+
+## check balance after burning
+gnokey query bank/balances/${USER_ADDR_test2}
+stdout '"31330/gno.land/r/test/realm_banker:ugnot"'
+
+## transfer 1ugnot to test2 for gas-fee of below tx
+gnokey maketx send -send "1ugnot" -to ${USER_ADDR_test2} -gas-fee 1ugnot -gas-wanted 10000000 -broadcast -chainid=tendermint_test test1
+
+## transfer coin
+gnokey maketx send -send "1330/gno.land/r/test/realm_banker:ugnot" -to g1yr0dpfgthph7y6mepdx8afuec4q3ga2lg8tjt0 -gas-fee 1ugnot -gas-wanted 10000000 -broadcast -chainid=tendermint_test test2
+
+## check sender balance
+gnokey query bank/balances/${USER_ADDR_test2}
+stdout '"30000/gno.land/r/test/realm_banker:ugnot"'
+
+## check receiver balance
+gnokey query bank/balances/g1yr0dpfgthph7y6mepdx8afuec4q3ga2lg8tjt0
+stdout '"1330/gno.land/r/test/realm_banker:ugnot"'
+
+## mint coin from long named package with banker
+gnokey maketx call -pkgpath gno.land/r/test/package89_123456789_123456789_123456789_123456789_123456789_123456789_123456789_123456789_123456789_123456789_123456789_1234567890 -func Mint -args "g1cq2ecdq3eyn5qa0fzznpurg87zq3k77g63q6u7" -args "ugnot" -args "100" -gas-fee 1000000ugnot -gas-wanted 10000000 -broadcast -chainid=tendermint_test test1
+gnokey query bank/balances/g1cq2ecdq3eyn5qa0fzznpurg87zq3k77g63q6u7
+stdout '"100/gno.land/r/test/package89_123456789_123456789_123456789_123456789_123456789_123456789_123456789_123456789_123456789_123456789_123456789_1234567890:ugnot"'
+
+-- short/realm_banker.gno --
+package realm_banker
+
+import (
+	"std"
+)
+
+func Mint(addr std.Address, denom string, amount int64) {
+	banker := std.GetBanker(std.BankerTypeRealmIssue)
+	banker.IssueCoin(addr, denom, amount)
+}
+
+func Burn(addr std.Address, denom string, amount int64) {
+  banker := std.GetBanker(std.BankerTypeRealmIssue)
+  banker.RemoveCoin(addr, denom, amount)
+}
+
+-- long/realm_banker.gno --
+// package name is 130 characters long
+package package89_123456789_123456789_123456789_123456789_123456789_123456789_123456789_123456789_123456789_123456789_123456789_1234567890
+
+import (
+	"std"
+)
+
+func Mint(addr std.Address, denom string, amount int64) {
+	banker := std.GetBanker(std.BankerTypeRealmIssue)
+	banker.IssueCoin(addr, denom, amount)
+}
+
+func Burn(addr std.Address, denom string, amount int64) {
+  banker := std.GetBanker(std.BankerTypeRealmIssue)
+  banker.RemoveCoin(addr, denom, amount)
+}

gnovm/stdlibs/std/banker.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package std
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"regexp"
 
 	gno "github.com/gnolang/gno/gnovm/pkg/gnolang"
 	"github.com/gnolang/gno/tm2/pkg/crypto"
@@ -32,6 +33,11 @@ const (
 	btRealmIssue
 )
 
+// regexp for denom format
+const denomRegex = "[a-z][a-z0-9]{2,15}"
+
+var reg = regexp.MustCompile(denomRegex)
+
 func X_bankerGetCoins(m *gno.Machine, bt uint8, addr string) (denoms []string, amounts []int64) {
 	coins := m.Context.(ExecContext).Banker.GetCoins(crypto.Bech32Address(addr))
 	return ExpandCoins(coins)
@@ -88,10 +94,30 @@ func X_bankerTotalCoin(m *gno.Machine, bt uint8, denom string) int64 {
 
 func X_bankerIssueCoin(m *gno.Machine, bt uint8, addr string, denom string, amount int64) {
 	// gno checks for bt == RealmIssue
-	m.Context.(ExecContext).Banker.IssueCoin(crypto.Bech32Address(addr), denom, amount)
+
+	// check origin denom format
+	matched := reg.MatchString(denom)
+	if !matched {
+		m.Panic(typedString("invalid denom format to issue coin, must be " + denomRegex))
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Similar to ibc spec
+	// ibc_denom := 'ibc/' + hash('path' + 'base_denom')
+	// gno_realm_denom := '/' + 'pkg_path' + ':' + 'base_denom'
+	newDenom := "/" + m.Realm.Path + ":" + denom
+	m.Context.(ExecContext).Banker.IssueCoin(crypto.Bech32Address(addr), newDenom, amount)
 }
 
 func X_bankerRemoveCoin(m *gno.Machine, bt uint8, addr string, denom string, amount int64) {
 	// gno checks for bt == RealmIssue
-	m.Context.(ExecContext).Banker.IssueCoin(crypto.Bech32Address(addr), denom, amount)
+
+	matched := reg.MatchString(denom)
+	if !matched {
+		m.Panic(typedString("invalid denom format to remove coin, must be " + denomRegex))
+		return
+	}
+
+	newDenom := "/" + m.Realm.Path + ":" + denom
+	m.Context.(ExecContext).Banker.RemoveCoin(crypto.Bech32Address(addr), newDenom, amount)
 }

tm2/pkg/std/coin.go

@@ -616,8 +616,7 @@ func (coins Coins) Sort() Coins {
 // Parsing
 
 var (
-	// Denominations can be 3 ~ 16 characters long.
-	reDnmString = `[a-z][a-z0-9]{2,15}`
+	reDnmString = `[a-z\/][a-z0-9_.:\/]{2,}`
 	reAmt       = `[[:digit:]]+`
 	reSpc       = `[[:space:]]*`
 	reDnm       = regexp.MustCompile(fmt.Sprintf(`^%s$`, reDnmString))

tm2/pkg/std/coin_test.go

@@ -429,11 +429,11 @@ func TestParse(t *testing.T) {
 		{"98 bar , 1 foo  ", true, Coins{{"bar", int64(98)}, {"foo", one}}},
 		{"  55\t \t bling\n", true, Coins{{"bling", int64(55)}}},
 		{"2foo, 97 bar", true, Coins{{"bar", int64(97)}, {"foo", int64(2)}}},
+		{"5foo-bar", false, nil},
 		{"5 mycoin,", false, nil},             // no empty coins in a list
 		{"2 3foo, 97 bar", false, nil},        // 3foo is invalid coin name
 		{"11me coin, 12you coin", false, nil}, // no spaces in coin names
 		{"1.2btc", false, nil},                // amount must be integer
-		{"5foo-bar", false, nil},              // once more, only letters in coin name
 	}
 
 	for tcIndex, tc := range cases {