Support absolute path to custom extension through haste package

[thymikee]

Summary

This PR adds support for absolute resolution of files with custom extension in haste packages.

Jest support so-called "haste packages" which allow to place package.json with a name property providing a custom namespace for modules inside directory it resides. Since resolution for these haste packages use require.resolve, it doesn't support absolutely resolving custom extensions, like .ios.js or .android.js, it's just working with .js files.
Such resolution mechanism works in React Native, I think it would be nice for Jest to support it.

Fixes #3342.

Test plan

Integration test.

[codecov-io]

Codecov Report

Merging #3537 into master will decrease coverage by <.01%.
The diff coverage is 0%.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #3537      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   62.25%   62.25%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         181      181              
  Lines        6706     6703       -3     
  Branches        6        5       -1     
==========================================
- Hits         4175     4173       -2     
  Misses       2528     2528              
+ Partials        3        2       -1

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
packages/jest-resolve/src/index.js	15.68% <0%> (-0.48%)	⬇️
...ntegration_tests/coverage_report/sum_dependency.js	0% <0%> (ø)	⬆️
integration_tests/coverage_report/sum.js	100% <0%> (+14.28%)	⬆️

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