jsonwebtoken

An implementation of JSON Web Tokens.

This was developed against draft-ietf-oauth-json-web-token-08. It makes use of node-jws

Install

$ npm install jsonwebtoken

Usage

jwt.sign(payload, secretOrPrivateKey, options, [callback])

(Asynchronous) If a callback is supplied, callback is called with the err or the JWT.

(Synchronous) Returns the JsonWebToken as string

payload could be an object literal, buffer or string. Please note that exp is only set if the payload is an object literal.

secretOrPrivateKey is a string or buffer containing either the secret for HMAC algorithms, or the PEM encoded private key for RSA and ECDSA.

options:

• algorithm (default: HS256)
• expiresIn: expressed in seconds or a string describing a time span rauchg/ms. Eg: 60, "2 days", "10h", "7d"
• notBefore: expressed in seconds or a string describing a time span rauchg/ms. Eg: 60, "2 days", "10h", "7d"
• audience
• issuer
• jwtid
• subject
• noTimestamp
• header

If payload is not a buffer or a string, it will be coerced into a string using JSON.stringify.

There are no default values for expiresIn, notBefore, audience, subject, issuer. These claims can also be provided in the payload directly with exp, nbf, aud and sub respectively, but you can't include in both places.

The header can be customized via the option.header object.

Generated jwts will include an iat (issued at) claim by default unless noTimestamp is specified. If iat is inserted in the payload, it will be used instead of the real timestamp for calculating other things like exp given a timespan in options.expiresIn.

Example

// sign with default (HMAC SHA256)
var jwt = require('jsonwebtoken');
var token = jwt.sign({ foo: 'bar' }, 'shhhhh');
//backdate a jwt 30 seconds
var older_token = jwt.sign({ foo: 'bar', iat: Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000) - 30 }, 'shhhhh');

// sign with RSA SHA256
var cert = fs.readFileSync('private.key');  // get private key
var token = jwt.sign({ foo: 'bar' }, cert, { algorithm: 'RS256'});

// sign asynchronously
jwt.sign({ foo: 'bar' }, cert, { algorithm: 'RS256' }, function(err, token) {
  console.log(token);
});

jwt.verify(token, secretOrPublicKey, [options, callback])

(Asynchronous) If a callback is supplied, function acts asynchronously. Callback passed the payload decoded if the signature (and optionally expiration, audience, issuer) are valid. If not, it will be passed the error.

(Synchronous) If a callback is not supplied, function acts synchronously. Returns the payload decoded if the signature (and optionally expiration, audience, issuer) are valid. If not, it will throw the error.

token is the JsonWebToken string

secretOrPublicKey is a string or buffer containing either the secret for HMAC algorithms, or the PEM encoded public key for RSA and ECDSA.

options

• algorithms: List of strings with the names of the allowed algorithms. For instance, ["HS256", "HS384"].
• audience: if you want to check audience (aud), provide a value here
• issuer (optional): string or array of strings of valid values for the iss field.
• ignoreExpiration: if true do not validate the expiration of the token.
• ignoreNotBefore...
• subject: if you want to check subject (sub), provide a value here
• clockTolerance: number of second to tolerate when checking the nbf and exp claims, to deal with small clock differences among different servers

// verify a token symmetric - synchronous
var decoded = jwt.verify(token, 'shhhhh');
console.log(decoded.foo) // bar

// verify a token symmetric
jwt.verify(token, 'shhhhh', function(err, decoded) {
  console.log(decoded.foo) // bar
});

// invalid token - synchronous
try {
  var decoded = jwt.verify(token, 'wrong-secret');
} catch(err) {
  // err
}

// invalid token
jwt.verify(token, 'wrong-secret', function(err, decoded) {
  // err
  // decoded undefined
});

// verify a token asymmetric
var cert = fs.readFileSync('public.pem');  // get public key
jwt.verify(token, cert, function(err, decoded) {
  console.log(decoded.foo) // bar
});

// verify audience
var cert = fs.readFileSync('public.pem');  // get public key
jwt.verify(token, cert, { audience: 'urn:foo' }, function(err, decoded) {
  // if audience mismatch, err == invalid audience
});

// verify issuer
var cert = fs.readFileSync('public.pem');  // get public key
jwt.verify(token, cert, { audience: 'urn:foo', issuer: 'urn:issuer' }, function(err, decoded) {
  // if issuer mismatch, err == invalid issuer
});

// verify jwt id
var cert = fs.readFileSync('public.pem');  // get public key
jwt.verify(token, cert, { audience: 'urn:foo', issuer: 'urn:issuer', jwtid: 'jwtid' }, function(err, decoded) {
  // if jwt id mismatch, err == invalid jwt id
});

// verify subject
var cert = fs.readFileSync('public.pem');  // get public key
jwt.verify(token, cert, { audience: 'urn:foo', issuer: 'urn:issuer', jwtid: 'jwtid', subject: 'subject' }, function(err, decoded) {
  // if subject mismatch, err == invalid subject
});

// alg mismatch
var cert = fs.readFileSync('public.pem'); // get public key
jwt.verify(token, cert, { algorithms: ['RS256'] }, function (err, payload) {
  // if token alg != RS256,  err == invalid signature
});

jwt.decode(token [, options])

(Synchronous) Returns the decoded payload without verifying if the signature is valid.

Warning: This will not verify whether the signature is valid. You should not use this for untrusted messages. You most likely want to use jwt.verify instead.

token is the JsonWebToken string

options:

• json: force JSON.parse on the payload even if the header doesn't contain "typ":"JWT".
• complete: return an object with the decoded payload and header.

Example

// get the decoded payload ignoring signature, no secretOrPrivateKey needed
var decoded = jwt.decode(token);

// get the decoded payload and header
var decoded = jwt.decode(token, {complete: true});
console.log(decoded.header);
console.log(decoded.payload)

jwt.refresh(token, expiresIn, secretOrPrivateKey [, callback])

Will refresh the given token. The token is expected to be decoded and valid. No checks will be performed on the token. The function will copy the values of the token, give it a new expiry time based on the given expiresIn parameter and will return a new signed token using the sign function and given secretOrPrivateKey.

• token: is the decoded JsonWebToken string
• expiresIn : New value to set when the token will expire.
• secretOrPrivateKey : is a string or buffer containing either the secret for HMAC algorithms, or the PEM encoded private key for RSA and ECDSA.
• callback : If a callback is supplied, callback is called with the newly refreshed JsonWebToken string

Example

// ...
var originalDecoded = jwt.decode(token, {complete: true});
var refreshed = jwt.refresh(originalDecoded, 3600, secret);

console.log(JSON.stringify(originalDecoded));
// new 'exp' value is later in the future.
console.log(JSON.stringify(jwt.decode(refreshed, {complete: true})));

Errors & Codes

Possible thrown errors during verification. Error is the first argument of the verification callback.

TokenExpiredError

Thrown error if the token is expired.

Error object:

• name: 'TokenExpiredError'
• message: 'jwt expired'
• expiredAt: [ExpDate]

jwt.verify(token, 'shhhhh', function(err, decoded) {
  if (err) {
    /*
      err = {
        name: 'TokenExpiredError',
        message: 'jwt expired',
        expiredAt: 1408621000
      }
    */
  }
});

JsonWebTokenError

Error object:

• name: 'JsonWebTokenError'
• message:
  • 'jwt malformed'
  • 'jwt signature is required'
  • 'invalid signature'
  • 'jwt audience invalid. expected: [OPTIONS AUDIENCE]'
  • 'jwt issuer invalid. expected: [OPTIONS ISSUER]'
  • 'jwt id invalid. expected: [OPTIONS JWT ID]'
  • 'jwt subject invalid. expected: [OPTIONS SUBJECT]'

jwt.verify(token, 'shhhhh', function(err, decoded) {
  if (err) {
    /*
      err = {
        name: 'JsonWebTokenError',
        message: 'jwt malformed'
      }
    */
  }
});

Algorithms supported

Array of supported algorithms. The following algorithms are currently supported.

alg Parameter Value	Digital Signature or MAC Algorithm
HS256	HMAC using SHA-256 hash algorithm
HS384	HMAC using SHA-384 hash algorithm
HS512	HMAC using SHA-512 hash algorithm
RS256	RSASSA using SHA-256 hash algorithm
RS384	RSASSA using SHA-384 hash algorithm
RS512	RSASSA using SHA-512 hash algorithm
ES256	ECDSA using P-256 curve and SHA-256 hash algorithm
ES384	ECDSA using P-384 curve and SHA-384 hash algorithm
ES512	ECDSA using P-521 curve and SHA-512 hash algorithm
none	No digital signature or MAC value included

TODO

• X.509 certificate chain is not checked

Issue Reporting

If you have found a bug or if you have a feature request, please report them at this repository issues section. Please do not report security vulnerabilities on the public GitHub issue tracker. The Responsible Disclosure Program details the procedure for disclosing security issues.

Author

Auth0

License

This project is licensed under the MIT license. See the LICENSE file for more info.