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GS6009-GettingStartedWithMath.xlf
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GS6009-GettingStartedWithMath.xlf
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<source><x id="0" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[1]/draw:frame[0]"/>Getting Started Guide</source>
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<source>Chapter 9 <g id="1"/><g id="2"/>Getting Started with Math</source>
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<source>LibreOffice’s Formula (Equation) Editor</source>
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<source>This document is Copyright © 2017 by the LibreOffice Documentation Team. Contributors are listed below. You may distribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU General Public License (<g id="5">http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html</g>), version 3 or later, or the Creative Commons Attribution License (<g id="6">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</g>), version 4.0 or later.</source>
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<source>All trademarks within this guide belong to their legitimate owners.</source>
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<source><x id="7" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:h[1]/text:bookmark-start[0]"/>Contributors<x id="8" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:h[1]/text:bookmark-end[0]"/></source>
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<source>Paul Figueiredo</source>
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<source>Olivier Hallot</source>
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<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:h[2]">
<source><x id="9" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:h[2]/text:bookmark-start[0]"/>Feedback<x id="10" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:h[2]/text:bookmark-end[0]"/></source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:p[2]">
<source>Please direct any comments or suggestions about this document to the Documentation Team’s mailing list: <g id="11">documentation@global.libreoffice.org</g></source>
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<source>Note</source>
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<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:p[3]">
<source>Everything you send to a mailing list, including your email address and any other personal information that is written in the message, is publicly archived and cannot be deleted.</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:h[3]">
<source><x id="12" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:h[3]/text:bookmark-start[0]"/>Acknowledgments<x id="13" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:h[3]/text:bookmark-end[0]"/></source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:p[4]">
<source>This chapter is based on the <g id="14">LibreOffice 5.2 Math Guide</g>. The contributors to that book are:</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/table:table[1]/table:table-row[0]/table:table-cell[0]/text:p[0]">
<source>Daniel Carrera</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/table:table[1]/table:table-row[0]/table:table-cell[1]/text:p[0]">
<source>Agnes Belzunce</source>
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<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/table:table[1]/table:table-row[0]/table:table-cell[2]/text:p[0]">
<source>TJ Frazier</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/table:table[1]/table:table-row[1]/table:table-cell[0]/text:p[0]">
<source>Peter Kupfer</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/table:table[1]/table:table-row[1]/table:table-cell[1]/text:p[0]">
<source>Ian Laurenson</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/table:table[1]/table:table-row[1]/table:table-cell[2]/text:p[0]">
<source>Janet M. Swisher</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/table:table[1]/table:table-row[2]/table:table-cell[0]/text:p[0]">
<source>Jean Hollis Weber</source>
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<source>Michele Zarri</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:p[5]">
<source>Additional material has been added from the German <g id="15">Math Handbuch for LibreOffice 3.4</g> (translated to English by Hazel Russman). Contributors to that book are:</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/table:table[2]/table:table-row[0]/table:table-cell[0]/text:p[0]">
<source>Regina Henschel</source>
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<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/table:table[2]/table:table-row[0]/table:table-cell[1]/text:p[0]">
<source>Christian Kühl</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/table:table[2]/table:table-row[0]/table:table-cell[2]/text:p[0]">
<source>Florian Reisinger</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/table:table[2]/table:table-row[1]/table:table-cell[0]/text:p[0]">
<source>Gisbert Friege (Dmaths)</source>
</trans-unit>
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<source>Jochen Schiffers</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:p[6]">
<source>Additional material has been added from the French <g id="16">How-To Math for LibreOffice</g> (translated to English by Laurent Balland-Poirier). Contributors to that book are Bernard Siaud and Frédéric Parrenin.</source>
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<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:h[4]">
<source><x id="17" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:h[4]/text:bookmark-start[0]"/>Publication date and software version<x id="18" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:h[4]/text:bookmark-end[0]"/></source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:p[7]">
<source>Published <g id="19">August</g> 2018. Based on LibreOffice 6.0.</source>
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<source><x id="20" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:h[5]/text:bookmark-start[0]"/>Note for <g id="21">m</g>ac<g id="22">OS</g> users<x id="23" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:h[5]/text:bookmark-end[0]"/></source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:p[8]">
<source>Some keystrokes and menu items are different on <g id="24">m</g>ac<g id="25">OS</g> from those used in Windows and Linux. The table below gives some common substitutions for the instructions in this chapter. For a more detailed list, see the application Help.</source>
</trans-unit>
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<source>Windows or Linux</source>
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<source>Mac<g id="26">OS</g> equivalent</source>
</trans-unit>
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<source>Effect</source>
</trans-unit>
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<source><g id="27">Tools > Options</g> menu selection</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/table:table[3]/table:table-row[1]/table:table-cell[1]/text:p[0]/text:span[0]">
<source>LibreOffice > Preferences</source>
</trans-unit>
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<source>Access setup options</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/table:table[3]/table:table-row[2]/table:table-cell[0]/text:p[0]/text:span[0]">
<source>Right-click</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/table:table[3]/table:table-row[2]/table:table-cell[1]/text:p[0]">
<source><g id="28">Control+click</g> or <g id="29">right-click</g> depending on computer setup</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/table:table[3]/table:table-row[2]/table:table-cell[2]/text:p[0]">
<source>Opens a context menu</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/table:table[3]/table:table-row[3]/table:table-cell[0]/text:p[0]/text:span[0]">
<source>Ctrl (Control)</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/table:table[3]/table:table-row[3]/table:table-cell[1]/text:p[0]">
<source>⌘ (Command)</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/table:table[3]/table:table-row[3]/table:table-cell[2]/text:p[0]">
<source>Used with other keys</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/table:table[3]/table:table-row[4]/table:table-cell[0]/text:p[0]/text:span[0]">
<source>F5</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/table:table[3]/table:table-row[4]/table:table-cell[1]/text:p[0]">
<source><g id="30">Shift</g>+⌘+<g id="31">F5</g></source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/table:table[3]/table:table-row[4]/table:table-cell[2]/text:p[0]">
<source>Open the Navigator</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/table:table[3]/table:table-row[5]/table:table-cell[0]/text:p[0]/text:span[0]">
<source>F11</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/table:table[3]/table:table-row[5]/table:table-cell[1]/text:p[0]">
<source>⌘+T</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/table:table[3]/table:table-row[5]/table:table-cell[2]/text:p[0]">
<source>Open the <g id="32">sidebar </g>Styles <g id="33">deck</g></source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:index-title[0]/text:p[0]">
<source>Contents</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[0]/text:a[0]">
<source>Copyright<g id="34"/>2</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[1]/text:a[0]">
<source>Contributors<g id="35"/>2</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[2]/text:a[0]">
<source>Feedback<g id="36"/>2</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[3]/text:a[0]">
<source>Acknowledgments<g id="37"/>2</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[4]/text:a[0]">
<source>Publication date and software version<g id="38"/>2</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[5]/text:a[0]">
<source>Note for macOS users<g id="39"/>2</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[6]/text:a[0]">
<source>Introduction<g id="40"/>5</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[7]/text:a[0]">
<source>Getting started<g id="41"/>5</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[8]/text:a[0]">
<source>Formulas as separate documents or files<g id="42"/>5</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[9]/text:a[0]">
<source>File formats for formulas<g id="43"/>6</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[10]/text:a[0]">
<source>Formulas in LibreOffice documents<g id="44"/>6</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[11]/text:a[0]">
<source>Creating formulas<g id="45"/>7</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[12]/text:a[0]">
<source>Elements window<g id="46"/>7</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[13]/text:a[0]">
<source>Context menu<g id="47"/>8</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[14]/text:a[0]">
<source>Markup language<g id="48"/>8</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[15]/text:a[0]">
<source>Greek characters<g id="49"/>9</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[16]/text:a[0]">
<source>Using markup language<g id="50"/>9</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[17]/text:a[0]">
<source>Symbols dialog<g id="51"/>9</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[18]/text:a[0]">
<source>Formula examples<g id="52"/>9</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[19]/text:a[0]">
<source>Example 1<g id="53"/>9</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[20]/text:a[0]">
<source>Example 2<g id="54"/>10</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[21]/text:a[0]">
<source>Editing formulas<g id="55"/>10</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[22]/text:a[0]">
<source>Formula layout<g id="56"/>11</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[23]/text:a[0]">
<source>Using braces<g id="57"/>12</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[24]/text:a[0]">
<source>Brackets and matrices<g id="58"/>12</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[25]/text:a[0]">
<source>Unpaired brackets<g id="59"/>13</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[26]/text:a[0]">
<source>Non-scalable brackets<g id="60"/>13</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[27]/text:a[0]">
<source>Scalable brackets<g id="61"/>13</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[28]/text:a[0]">
<source>Recognizing functions<g id="62"/>13</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[29]/text:a[0]">
<source>Formulas over multiple lines<g id="63"/>14</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[30]/text:a[0]">
<source>Adding limits to sum/integral commands<g id="64"/>14</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[31]/text:a[0]">
<source>Writing derivatives<g id="65"/>15</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[32]/text:a[0]">
<source>Markup language characters as normal characters<g id="66"/>15</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[33]/text:a[0]">
<source>Text in formulas<g id="67"/>16</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[34]/text:a[0]">
<source>Aligning formulas using equals sign<g id="68"/>16</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[35]/text:a[0]">
<source>Changing formula appearance<g id="69"/>17</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[36]/text:a[0]">
<source>Formula font size<g id="70"/>17</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[37]/text:a[0]">
<source>Current formula font size<g id="71"/>17</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[38]/text:a[0]">
<source>Default formula font size<g id="72"/>17</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[39]/text:a[0]">
<source>Formula fonts<g id="73"/>18</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[40]/text:a[0]">
<source>Current formula fonts<g id="74"/>18</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[41]/text:a[0]">
<source>Default formula fonts<g id="75"/>18</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[42]/text:a[0]">
<source>Adjusting formula spacing<g id="76"/>19</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[43]/text:a[0]">
<source>Current formula spacing<g id="77"/>19</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[44]/text:a[0]">
<source>Default formula spacing<g id="78"/>19</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[45]/text:a[0]">
<source>Adjusting formula alignment<g id="79"/>20</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[46]/text:a[0]">
<source>Current formula alignment<g id="80"/>20</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[47]/text:a[0]">
<source>Default formula alignment<g id="81"/>20</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[48]/text:a[0]">
<source>Changing formula color<g id="82"/>21</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[49]/text:a[0]">
<source>Character color<g id="83"/>21</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[50]/text:a[0]">
<source>Background color<g id="84"/>21</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[51]/text:a[0]">
<source>Formula library<g id="85"/>21</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[52]/text:a[0]">
<source>Using Math<g id="86"/>21</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[53]/text:a[0]">
<source>Using Writer, Calc, Draw, or Impress<g id="87"/>22</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[54]/text:a[0]">
<source>Using your formula library<g id="88"/>22</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[55]/text:a[0]">
<source>Formulas in Writer<g id="89"/>22</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[56]/text:a[0]">
<source>Automatic formula numbering<g id="90"/>22</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[57]/text:a[0]">
<source>Numbering<g id="91"/>22</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[58]/text:a[0]">
<source>Cross-referencing<g id="92"/>23</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[59]/text:a[0]">
<source>Anchoring formulas<g id="93"/>24</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[60]/text:a[0]">
<source>Vertical alignment<g id="94"/>24</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[61]/text:a[0]">
<source>Object spacing<g id="95"/>25</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[62]/text:a[0]">
<source>Text mode<g id="96"/>25</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[63]/text:a[0]">
<source>Background and borders<g id="97"/>26</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[64]/text:a[0]">
<source>Backgrounds<g id="98"/>26</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[65]/text:a[0]">
<source>Borders<g id="99"/>27</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[66]/text:a[0]">
<source>Quick insertion of formulas<g id="100"/>27</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[67]/text:a[0]">
<source>Formulas in Calc, Draw, and Impress<g id="101"/>27</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[68]/text:a[0]">
<source>Anchoring formulas<g id="102"/>28</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[69]/text:a[0]">
<source>Calc<g id="103"/>28</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[70]/text:a[0]">
<source>Draw and Impress<g id="104"/>28</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[71]/text:a[0]">
<source>Formula object properties<g id="105"/>28</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:section[0]/text:table-of-content[0]/text:index-body[0]/text:p[72]/text:a[0]">
<source>Formulas in charts<g id="106"/>28</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[0]">
<source><x id="107" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[0]/text:bookmark-start[0]"/>Introduction<x id="108" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[0]/text:bookmark-end[0]"/></source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[4]">
<source>LibreOffice Math is a <x id="109" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[4]/text:alphabetical-index-mark-start[0]"/>formula editor<x id="110" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[4]/text:alphabetical-index-mark-end[0]"/> you can use to create or edit formulas (equations) in a symbolic form within LibreOffice documents or as standalone objects. Example formulas are shown below. However, if you want to evaluate numeric values using formulas, then refer to the Calc Guide for more information; Math does not carry out any actual calculation.</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[5]">
<source><x id="111" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[5]/draw:frame[0]"/>or<x id="112" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[5]/draw:frame[1]"/></source>
</trans-unit>
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<source>formula</source>
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<source>formula</source>
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<source>The Formula Editor in Math uses a markup language to represent formulas. This markup language is designed to be easily read wherever possible, for example, a over b produces the fraction<g id="113"><x id="114" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[6]/text:span[0]/draw:frame[0]"/></g>when used in a formula.</source>
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<source>formula</source>
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<source><x id="115" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[1]/text:bookmark-start[0]"/>Getting started<x id="116" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[1]/text:bookmark-end[0]"/></source>
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<source>Using the Formula Editor, you can create a formula as a separate document or file for a formula library, or insert formulas directly into a document using LibreOffice Writer, Calc, Impress, or Draw.</source>
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<source><x id="117" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[2]/text:bookmark-start[0]"/>Formulas as separate documents or files<x id="118" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[2]/text:bookmark-end[0]"/></source>
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<source><x id="119" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[8]/draw:frame[0]/draw:text-box[0]/text:p[0]/draw:frame[0]"/>Figure <x id="120" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[8]/draw:frame[0]/draw:text-box[0]/text:p[0]"/>: An empty formula document in Math</source>
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<source>To create a formula as a separate document or file, use one of the following methods to open an empty formula document in LibreOffice Math (Figure <x id="121" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[9]"/>):</source>
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<source>On the menu bar, go to <g id="122">File > New > Formula</g>.</source>
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<source>From the Start Center, click <g id="123">Math Formula</g>.</source>
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<source>On the Standard toolbar, click the triangle to the right of the <g id="124">New</g> icon and select <g id="125">Formula</g> from the context menu.</source>
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<source>In Math, use the keyboard shortcut <g id="126">Ctrl+N</g>.</source>
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<source>Use command <g id="127">Import MathML</g> from the clipboard.</source>
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<source><x id="128" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[10]/text:soft-page-break[0]"/>As you enter the markup language in the Formula Editor, the formula will appear in the Preview window during and after input of the markup. The Elements window to the left of the Preview window may also appear, if it has been selected in <g id="129">View</g> on the menu bar. For more information on creating formulas, see “<x id="130" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[10]"/>” on page <x id="131" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[10]"/>.</source>
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<source><x id="132" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[3]/text:bookmark-start[0]"/>File formats for formulas<x id="133" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[3]/text:bookmark-end[0]"/></source>
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<source>LibreOffice’s native file format for formulas is ODF Formula, with extension *.odf. You can also embed formula objects in other documents like presentations, spreadsheets, or text documents. LibreOffice can also read and save formulas in MathML 1.01 format, with extension .mml. </source>
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<source>LibreOffice Math can import MathML Presentations directly from the clipboard. To import a MathML Presentation formula, copy the formula from the external equation editor and issue <g id="134">Tools > Import MathML from Clipboard</g>. For example, the MathML code on the left of Table <x id="135" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[12]"/><g id="136"/>displays the equation on the right.</source>
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<source>Table <x id="137" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[13]"/>: MathML 1.01 language imported from the clipboard</source>
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<source><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"></source>
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<source><g id="138"/><semantics></source>
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<source><g id="139"/><mrow></source>
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<source><g id="140"/><mi>E</mi></source>
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<source><g id="141"/><mo stretchy="false">=</mo></source>
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<source><g id="142"/><msup></source>
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<source><g id="143"/><mi mathvariant="italic">mc</mi></source>
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<source><g id="144"/><mn>2</mn></source>
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<source><g id="145"/></msup></source>
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<source><g id="146"/></mrow></source>
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<source><g id="147"/></semantics></source>
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<source></math></source>
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<source>formula</source>
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<source><x id="148" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[4]/text:bookmark-start[0]"/>Formulas in LibreOffice documents<x id="149" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[4]/text:bookmark-end[0]"/></source>
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<source>To insert a formula into a LibreOffice document, open the document in Writer, Calc, Draw, or Impress. The LibreOffice module in use affects how you position the cursor to insert the formula.</source>
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<source>In Writer, click in the paragraph where you want to insert the formula.</source>
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<source>In Calc, click in the spreadsheet cell where you want to insert the formula.</source>
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<source>In Draw and Impress, the formula is inserted into the center of the drawing or slide.</source>
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<source>Then, go to <g id="150">Insert > Object > Formula</g> on the menu bar to open the Formula Editor. Alternatively, go to <g id="151">Insert > Object > OLE Object</g> on the menu bar to open the Insert OLE Object dialog, select <g id="152">Create new</g> option and <g id="153">Formula</g> from the sub-menu, then click OK to open the Formula Editor. The Elements window to the left of the Preview window may also appear, if it has been selected in <g id="154">View</g> on the menu bar. For more information on creating formulas, see “<x id="155" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[15]"/>” on page <x id="156" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[15]"/>.</source>
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<source>Figure <x id="157" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[16]"/><g id="158"/>shows an example Writer document with the formula box selected ready for a formula to be entered.</source>
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<source>When you have completed entering the markup for the formula, close the Formula Editor by pressing the <g id="159">Esc</g> key or by clicking an area outside the formula in the document. Double-clicking on the formula object in the document will open the Formula Editor again so that you can edit the formula.</source>
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<source>Formulas are inserted as OLE objects into documents. As with any OLE object, you can change how the object is placed within the document. For more information on OLE objects, see the user guides for <g id="160">Math</g>, <g id="161">Writer</g>, <g id="162">Calc</g>, <g id="163">Draw</g>, and <g id="164">Impress</g>.</source>
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<source><x id="165" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[19]/draw:frame[0]/draw:text-box[0]/text:p[0]/draw:frame[0]"/>Figure <x id="166" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[19]/draw:frame[0]/draw:text-box[0]/text:p[0]"/>: Empty formula in a Writer document</source>
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<source>If you frequently insert formulas into documents, you might like to add the Formula button to the Standard toolbar or create a keyboard shortcut. See Chapter 14, Customizing LibreOffice, for more information.</source>
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<source><x id="167" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[5]/text:bookmark-start[0]"/>Creating formulas<x id="168" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[5]/text:bookmark-end[0]"/></source>
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<source>You can insert elements into a formula using one of the following methods:</source>
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<source>Select a category from the drop-down list, then a symbol using the Elements window.</source>
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<source>Right-click in the Formula Editor and select a category, then a symbol from the context menu.</source>
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<source>Enter markup language directly in the Formula Editor.</source>
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<source>Note</source>
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<source>Using the Elements window or the context menus to insert a formula provides a convenient way to learn the markup language used by LibreOffice Math.</source>
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<source><x id="169" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[6]/text:bookmark-start[0]"/>Elements window<x id="170" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[6]/text:bookmark-end[0]"/></source>
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<source>The Elements window can easily be used when entering formula data. In addition to the list of categories at the top of the window, it also provides an Example category with example formulas to use as a starting point for a formula or equation.</source>
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<source>Go to <g id="171">View</g> on the menu bar and select <g id="172">Elements</g> to open the <x id="173" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:list[4]/text:list-item[0]/text:p[0]/text:alphabetical-index-mark[0]"/>Elements window.</source>
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<source>Select the category you want to use in the formula from the drop-down list at the top of the Elements window.</source>
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<source>Select the symbol you want to use in the formula from the Elements window. The symbols that are available change according to the selected category.</source>
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<source><x id="174" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:list[5]/text:list-item[0]/text:p[0]/text:soft-page-break[0]"/>Note</source>
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<source>The Elements window is positioned by default to the left of the Preview and Formula Editor windows, as shown in Figure <x id="175" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[24]"/><g id="176"/>and Figure <x id="177" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[24]"/>. It can be floated in the same way as other docked windows.</source>
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<source><x id="178" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[7]/text:bookmark-start[0]"/>Context menu<x id="179" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[7]/text:bookmark-end[0]"/></source>
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<source>The Formula Editor also provides a context menu to access categories and symbols when creating a formula. Right-click in the Formula Editor to open the context menu. Select a category and then select the markup example that you want to use from the sub-context menu. An example is shown in Figure <x id="180" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[25]"/>.</source>
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<source><x id="181" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[26]/draw:frame[0]/draw:text-box[0]/text:p[0]/draw:frame[0]"/>Figure <x id="182" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[26]/draw:frame[0]/draw:text-box[0]/text:p[0]"/>: Context menu in Formula Editor</source>
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<source>Note</source>
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<source>The Elements window and the context menu contain only the most common commands that are used in formulas. For some seldom-used commands, you must always enter the command using the markup language. For a complete list of commands, see the <g id="183">Math Guide</g>.</source>
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<source><x id="184" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[8]/text:bookmark-start[0]"/>Markup language<x id="185" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[8]/text:bookmark-end[0]"/></source>
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<source><x id="186" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[28]/text:alphabetical-index-mark-start[0]"/><x id="187" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[28]/text:alphabetical-index-mark[0]"/>Markup language<x id="188" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[28]/text:alphabetical-index-mark-end[0]"/> is entered directly into the Formula Editor. For example, typing the markup <g id="189">5 times 4</g> into the Formula Editor creates the simple formula <g id="190"><x id="191" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[28]/text:span[1]/draw:frame[0]"/></g>. If you are experienced in using markup language, it can be the quickest way to enter a formula. Table <x id="192" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[28]"/><g id="193"/>shows some examples of using markup language to enter commands. For a full list of commands that can be used in the Formula Editor, see the <g id="194">Math Guide</g>.</source>
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<source>formula</source>
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<source>Table <x id="195" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[29]"/>: Example commands using markup language</source>
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<source>Display</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/table:table[1]/table:table-header-rows[0]/table:table-row[0]/table:table-cell[1]/text:p[0]">
<source>Command</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/table:table[1]/table:table-header-rows[0]/table:table-row[0]/table:table-cell[2]/text:p[0]">
<source>Display</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/table:table[1]/table:table-header-rows[0]/table:table-row[0]/table:table-cell[3]/text:p[0]">
<source>Command</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/table:table[1]/table:table-row[0]/table:table-cell[0]/text:p[0]/draw:frame[0]/svg:desc[0]">
<source>formula</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/table:table[1]/table:table-row[0]/table:table-cell[1]/text:p[0]/text:span[0]">
<source>a = b</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/table:table[1]/table:table-row[0]/table:table-cell[2]/text:p[0]/draw:frame[0]/svg:desc[0]">
<source>formula</source>
</trans-unit>
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<source>sqrt {a}</source>
</trans-unit>
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<source>formula</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/table:table[1]/table:table-row[1]/table:table-cell[1]/text:p[0]/text:span[0]">
<source>a^2</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/table:table[1]/table:table-row[1]/table:table-cell[2]/text:p[0]/draw:frame[0]/svg:desc[0]">
<source>formula</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/table:table[1]/table:table-row[1]/table:table-cell[3]/text:p[0]/text:span[0]">
<source>a_n</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/table:table[1]/table:table-row[2]/table:table-cell[0]/text:p[0]/draw:frame[0]/svg:desc[0]">
<source>formula</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/table:table[1]/table:table-row[2]/table:table-cell[1]/text:p[0]/text:span[0]">
<source>int f(x) dx</source>
</trans-unit>
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<source>formula</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/table:table[1]/table:table-row[2]/table:table-cell[3]/text:p[0]/text:span[0]">
<source>sum a_n</source>
</trans-unit>
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<source>formula</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/table:table[1]/table:table-row[3]/table:table-cell[1]/text:p[0]/text:span[0]">
<source>a <= b</source>
</trans-unit>
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<source>formula</source>
</trans-unit>
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<source>infinity</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/table:table[1]/table:table-row[4]/table:table-cell[0]/text:p[0]/draw:frame[0]/svg:desc[0]">
<source>formula</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/table:table[1]/table:table-row[4]/table:table-cell[1]/text:p[0]/text:span[0]">
<source>a times b</source>
</trans-unit>
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<source>formula</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/table:table[1]/table:table-row[4]/table:table-cell[3]/text:p[0]/text:span[0]">
<source>x cdot y</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[9]">
<source><x id="196" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[9]/text:bookmark-start[0]"/><x id="197" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[9]/text:soft-page-break[0]"/>Greek characters<x id="198" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[9]/text:bookmark-end[0]"/></source>
</trans-unit>
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<source><x id="199" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[10]/text:bookmark-start[0]"/>Using markup language<x id="200" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[10]/text:bookmark-end[0]"/></source>
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<source>Greek characters are commonly used in formulas, but Greek characters cannot be entered into a formula using the Elements window or the context menu. Use the English names of Greek characters in markup language when entering Greek characters into a formula. See Appendix A, Commands Reference, in the <g id="201">Math Guide</g> for a list of Greek characters that can be entered using markup language.</source>
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<source>For a lowercase Greek character, type a percentage % sign, then type the character name in lowercase using the English name. For example, typing %lambda creates the Greek character λ.</source>
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<source>For an UPPERCASE Greek character, type a percentage % sign, then type the character name in UPPERCASE using the English name. For example, typing %LAMBDA creates the Greek character Λ.</source>
</trans-unit>
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<source>For an <g id="202">italic</g> Greek character, type a percentage % sign followed by the i character, then the English name of the Greek character in lower or UPPER case. For example, typing %iTHETA creates the <g id="203">italic</g> Greek character Θ.</source>
</trans-unit>
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<source><x id="204" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[11]/text:bookmark-start[0]"/>Symbols dialog<x id="205" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[11]/text:bookmark-end[0]"/></source>
</trans-unit>
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<source>Greek characters can also be entered into a formula using the Symbols dialog.</source>
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<source>Make sure the cursor is in the correct position in the Formula Editor.</source>
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<source>Go to <g id="206">Tools > Symbols</g> on the menu bar or click on the <g id="207">Symbols</g> icon on the Tools toolbar to open the Symbols dialog (Figure <x id="208" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:list[8]/text:list-item[1]/text:p[0]"/>).</source>
</trans-unit>
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<source>Select <g id="209">Greek</g> from the <g id="210">Symbol set</g> drop-down list. For <g id="211">italic</g> characters, select <g id="212">iGreek</g> from the drop-down list.</source>
</trans-unit>
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<source>Select the Greek character from the symbol list, then click <g id="213">Insert</g>. When selected, the name of a Greek character is shown below the symbol list.</source>
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<source>Click <g id="214">Close</g> when you have finished entering Greek characters into the formula.</source>
</trans-unit>
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<source><x id="215" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[32]/draw:frame[0]/draw:text-box[0]/text:p[0]/draw:frame[0]"/>Figure <x id="216" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[32]/draw:frame[0]/draw:text-box[0]/text:p[0]"/>: Symbols dialog</source>
</trans-unit>
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<source><x id="217" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[12]/text:bookmark-start[0]"/>Formula examples<x id="218" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[12]/text:bookmark-end[0]"/></source>
</trans-unit>
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<source><x id="219" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[13]/text:bookmark-start[0]"/>Example 1<x id="220" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[13]/text:bookmark-end[0]"/></source>
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<source>The simple formula <x id="221" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[33]/draw:frame[0]"/><g id="222"/>can be created using LibreOffice Math as follows:</source>
</trans-unit>
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<source>formula</source>
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<source>Make sure the cursor is flashing in the Formula Editor, then select the category <g id="223">Unary/Binary Operators</g> and symbol <g id="224">Multiplication</g> using one of the following methods:</source>
</trans-unit>
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<source>In the Elements window, select <g id="225">Unary/Binary Operators</g> from the drop-down list and then select the <g id="226">Multiplication</g> icon <x id="227" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:list[10]/text:list-item[0]/text:p[0]/draw:frame[0]"/>.</source>
</trans-unit>
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<source><x id="228" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:list[10]/text:list-item[1]/text:p[0]/text:soft-page-break[0]"/>Right-click in the Formula Editor and select <g id="229">Unary/Binary Operators > a times b</g> from the context menu.</source>
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<source>Select the first placeholder <g id="230"><?></g> before the word <g id="231">times</g> in the Formula Editor and replace it with the character <g id="232">5</g>. The formula in the document updates automatically.</source>
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<source>Select the second placeholder <g id="233"><?></g> after the word <g id="234">times</g> in the Formula Editor and replace it with the character <g id="235">4</g>. The formula in the document updates automatically.</source>
</trans-unit>
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<source>This method initially places the formula text <g id="236"><?> times <?></g> in the Formula Editor and the symbol <g id="237"><x id="238" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[34]/text:span[1]/draw:frame[0]"/></g><g id="239"/>appears in the document. These placeholders must then be replaced with real numbers. Using markup language in the Formula Editor places the formula <g id="240"><x id="241" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[34]/text:span[2]/draw:frame[0]"/></g><g id="242"/>directly into the document. To use markup language, enter <g id="243">5 times 4</g> in the Formula Editor. <x id="244" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[34]/draw:frame[0]"/>appears in the document.</source>
</trans-unit>
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<source>formula</source>
</trans-unit>
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<source>formula</source>
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<source>Tip</source>
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<source>To move forward from one placeholder to the next placeholder in a formula, press the <g id="245">F4</g> key. To move backward from one placeholder to the previous placeholder in a formula, use the key combination <g id="246">Shift+F4</g>.</source>
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<source>Note</source>
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<source>If necessary, you can prevent a formula in a document from updating automatically. Go to <g id="247">View</g> on the menu bar and deselect <g id="248">AutoUpdate display</g>. To then manually update a formula, press <g id="249">F9</g> key or select <g id="250">View > Update</g> on the menu bar.</source>
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<source><x id="251" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[14]/text:bookmark-start[0]"/>Example 2<x id="252" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[14]/text:bookmark-end[0]"/></source>
</trans-unit>
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<source>You want to enter the formula<x id="253" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[37]/draw:frame[0]"/>where the value of pi is rounded to 5 decimal places. You know the name of the Greek character (pi), but do not know the markup associated with the <g id="254">Is Similar Or Equal</g> symbol<g id="255"><x id="256" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[37]/text:span[1]/draw:frame[0]"/></g>.</source>
</trans-unit>
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<source>formula</source>
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<source>formula</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:list[14]/text:list-item[0]/text:p[0]">
<source>Make sure the cursor is flashing in the Formula Editor.</source>
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<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:list[14]/text:list-item[1]/text:p[0]">
<source>Enter <g id="257">%pi</g> in the Formula Editor to enter the Greek character for pi (π).</source>
</trans-unit>
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<source>Select the category <g id="258">Relations</g> and symbol <g id="259">Is Similar Or Equal</g> using one of the following methods:</source>
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<source>In the Elements window, select <g id="260">Relations</g> from the drop-down list and then select the <g id="261">Is Similar Or Equal</g> icon <x id="262" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:list[15]/text:list-item[0]/text:p[0]/draw:frame[0]"/>.</source>
</trans-unit>
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<source>Right-click in the Formula Editor and select <g id="263">Relations > a simeq b</g> from the context menu.</source>
</trans-unit>
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<source>Delete the first placeholder <g id="264"><?></g> before the word <g id="265">simeq</g> in the Formula Editor.</source>
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<source>Select the second placeholder <g id="266"><?></g> after the word <g id="267">simeq</g> in the Formula Editor and replace it with the characters <g id="268">3.14159</g>. The formula<g id="269"><x id="270" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:list[16]/text:list-item[1]/text:p[0]/text:span[3]/draw:frame[0]"/></g>now appears in the document.</source>
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<source>formula</source>
</trans-unit>
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<source><x id="271" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[15]/text:bookmark-start[0]"/>Editing formulas<x id="272" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[15]/text:bookmark-end[0]"/></source>
</trans-unit>
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<source>How you edit a formula and switch into formula editing mode depends on whether the formula is in Math or another LibreOffice component.</source>
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<source>In Math, double-click on a formula element in the formula that appears in the Preview window to select the formula element in the Formula Editor, or directly select a formula element in the Formula Editor. <g id="273"/>Alternatively, right click on a selected formula in the <g id="274">formula </g><x id="275" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:list[17]/text:list-item[0]/text:p[0]/text:soft-page-break[0]"/><g id="276">editor</g> to bring up the context menu and choose from the standard editing options that appear (Figure <g id="277"><x id="278" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:list[17]/text:list-item[0]/text:p[0]/text:span[2]"/></g>).</source>
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<source><x id="279" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[39]/draw:frame[0]/draw:text-box[0]/text:p[0]/draw:frame[0]"/><g id="280"><g id="281"/></g>Figure <x id="282" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[39]/draw:frame[0]/draw:text-box[0]/text:p[0]"/>: Context Menu Edit Commands</source>
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<source>In Writer, Calc, Impress, or Draw, double-click on the formula, or right-click on the formula and select <g id="283">Edit</g> from the context menu, to open the Formula Editor in editing mode. The cursor is positioned at the start of the formula in the Formula Editor.</source>
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<source>Note</source>
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<source>If you cannot select a formula element using the cursor, click on the <g id="284">Formula Cursor</g> icon <g id="285"><x id="286" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[40]/text:span[1]/draw:frame[0]"/></g><g id="287"/>in the Tools toolbar to activate the formula cursor.</source>
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<source>Select the formula element you want to change, using one of the following methods:</source>
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<source>Click on the formula element in the preview window, position the cursor at the beginning of the formula element in the Formula Editor, then select the formula element in the Formula Editor.</source>
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<source>Double-click on the formula element in the preview window to select the formula element in the Formula Editor.</source>
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<source>Position the cursor in the Formula Editor at the formula element you want to edit, then select that formula element.</source>
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<source>Double-click directly on the formula element in the Formula Editor to select it.</source>
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<source>Make your changes to the selected formula element.</source>
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<source>Go to <g id="288">View > Update</g> on the menu bar, or press the <g id="289">F9</g> key, or click on the <g id="290">Update</g> icon <x id="291" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:list[22]/text:list-item[1]/text:p[0]/draw:frame[0]"/><g id="292"/>in the Tools toolbar to update the formula in the preview window or the document.</source>
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<source>In Math, save your changes to the formula after editing.<g id="293"/>In Writer, Calc, Impress, or Draw, click anywhere in your document away from the formula to leave editing mode, then save the document to save your changes to the formula.</source>
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<source><x id="294" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[16]/text:bookmark-start[0]"/><x id="295" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[16]/text:alphabetical-index-mark[0]"/><x id="296" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[16]/text:alphabetical-index-mark[1]"/>Formula layout<x id="297" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[16]/text:bookmark-end[0]"/></source>
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<source>This section provides some advice on how to layout complex formulas in Math or in a LibreOffice document.</source>
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<source><x id="298" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[17]/text:bookmark-start[0]"/><x id="299" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[17]/text:soft-page-break[0]"/>Using braces<x id="300" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[17]/text:bookmark-end[0]"/></source>
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<source>LibreOffice Math knows nothing about order of operation within a formula. You must use <x id="301" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[42]/text:alphabetical-index-mark[0]"/><x id="302" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[42]/text:alphabetical-index-mark-start[0]"/>braces<x id="303" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[42]/text:alphabetical-index-mark-end[0]"/> (also known as curly brackets) to state the order of operations that occur within a formula. The following examples show how brackets can be used in a formula.</source>
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<source>Example 1</source>
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<source><g id="304">2 over x + 1</g> gives the result<g id="305"><x id="306" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[44]/text:span[1]/draw:frame[0]"/></g></source>
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<source>formula</source>
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<source>Math has recognized that the 2 before and the x after the over as belonging to the fraction, and has represented them accordingly. If you want x+1 rather than x to be the denominator, you must bracket them together using braces so that both will be placed there.</source>
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<source>Inserting braces into <g id="307">2 over {x + 1}</g> gives the result<g id="308"><x id="309" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[46]/text:span[1]/draw:frame[0]"/></g>where x+1 is now the denominator.</source>
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<source>formula</source>
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<source>Example 2</source>
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<source><g id="310">– 1 over 2</g> gives the result<g id="311"><x id="312" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[48]/text:span[1]/draw:frame[0]"/></g></source>
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<source>formula</source>
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<source>Math has recognized the minus sign as a prefix for the 1 and has therefore placed it in the numerator of the fraction. If you wish to show that the whole fraction is negative, with the minus sign in front of the fraction, you must put the fraction in braces to signify to Math that the characters belong together.</source>
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<source>Adding braces to into the markup language<g id="313"> – {1 over 2}</g> gives the result<g id="314"><g id="315"><x id="316" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[50]/text:span[1]/text:span[0]/draw:frame[0]"/></g></g>and the whole fraction is now negative.</source>
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<source>formula</source>
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<source>Example 3</source>
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<source>When braces are used in markup language, they are used to define the layout of the formula and are not displayed or printed. If you want to use braces within your formula, you use the commands <g id="317">lbrace</g> and <g id="318">rbrace</g> within the markup language.</source>
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<source><g id="319">x over {–x + 1}</g> gives the result<g id="320"><g id="321"><x id="322" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[53]/text:span[1]/text:span[0]/draw:frame[0]"/></g></g></source>
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<source>formula</source>
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<source>Replace the braces using the commands lbrace and rbrace in the markup language. Writing <g id="323">x over lbrace –x + 1 rbrace</g> and the result is <g id="324"><g id="325"><x id="326" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[54]/text:span[1]/text:span[0]/draw:frame[0]"/></g></g></source>
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<source>formula</source>
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<source><x id="327" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[18]/text:bookmark-start[0]"/>Brackets and matrices<x id="328" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[18]/text:bookmark-end[0]"/></source>
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<source>If you want to use a matrix in a formula, you have to use a <x id="329" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[55]/text:alphabetical-index-mark[0]"/><x id="330" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[55]/text:alphabetical-index-mark[1]"/>matrix command. For example, <g id="331">matrix { a # b ## c # d }</g> gives the resulting matrix<g id="332"><g id="333"><x id="334" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[55]/text:span[1]/text:span[0]/draw:frame[0]"/></g></g>in the formula, where rows are separated by two hashes (#) and entries within each row are separated by one hash (#).</source>
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<source>formula</source>
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<source>Normally, when you use brackets within a matrix, the brackets do not scale as the matrix increases in size. For example, <g id="335">( matrix { a # b ## c # d } )</g> gives the result<g id="336"><x id="337" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[56]/text:span[1]/draw:frame[0]"/></g><g id="338">.</g></source>
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<source>formula</source>
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<source>To overcome this problem, LibreOffice Math provides scalable brackets that grow in size to match the size of a matrix. The commands <g id="339">left(</g> and <g id="340">right)</g> have to be used to create scalable brackets within a matrix. For example, <g id="341">left( matrix { a # b ## c # d } right)</g> gives the result<g id="342"><g id="343"><x id="344" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[57]/text:span[3]/text:span[0]/draw:frame[0]"/></g></g>where the matrix is now bracketed by scalable brackets.</source>
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<source>formula</source>
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<source><x id="345" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[58]/text:soft-page-break[0]"/>Scalable brackets can be used with any element of a formula, such as a fraction or square root.</source>
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<source>Tips</source>
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<source>Use the commands <g id="346">left[</g> and <g id="347">right]</g> to obtain scalable square brackets. A list of all brackets available within Math can be found in Appendix A, Commands Reference, in the <g id="348">Math Guide</g>.</source>
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<source>If you want all brackets to be scalable, go to <g id="349">Format > Spacing</g> to open the Spacing dialog. Click on <g id="350">Category</g>, select <g id="351">Brackets</g> from the drop-down list and then select the option <g id="352">Scale all brackets</g>.</source>
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<source><x id="353" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[19]/text:bookmark-start[0]"/>Unpaired brackets<x id="354" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[19]/text:bookmark-end[0]"/></source>
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<source>When using brackets in a formula, Math expects that for every opening bracket there will be a closing one. If you forget to add a closing bracket, Math places an inverted question mark next to where the closing bracket should have been placed. This inverted question mark disappears when all the brackets are paired. However, an unpaired bracket is sometimes necessary and you have the following options.</source>
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<source><x id="355" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[20]/text:bookmark-start[0]"/>Non-scalable brackets<x id="356" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[20]/text:bookmark-end[0]"/></source>
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<source>A backslash \ is placed before a non-scalable bracket to indicate that the following character should not be regarded as a bracket, but as a literal character.</source>
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<source>For example, the unpaired brackets in the formula <g id="357">[ a; b [</g> are deliberate, but gives the result<g id="358"><g id="359"><x id="360" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[63]/text:span[1]/text:span[0]/draw:frame[0]"/></g></g>. To remove the inverted question marks and create unpaired brackets, backslashes are added. The formula now becomes <g id="361">\ [ a; b \ [</g> and the result<g id="362"><g id="363"><x id="364" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[63]/text:span[3]/text:span[0]/draw:frame[0]"/></g></g>shows unpaired brackets without the inverted question marks.</source>
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<source>formula</source>
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<source>formula</source>
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<source><x id="365" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[21]/text:bookmark-start[0]"/>Scalable brackets<x id="366" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[21]/text:bookmark-end[0]"/></source>
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<source>To create unpaired scalable brackets or braces in a formula, the markup commands <g id="367">left</g>, <g id="368">right</g>, and <g id="369">none</g> are used.</source>
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<source>Example</source>
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<source>You want to create the formula<g id="370"><g id="371"><x id="372" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[66]/text:span[0]/text:span[0]/draw:frame[0]"/></g></g>and in the Formula Editor you enter <g id="373"/><g id="374">abs x = lbrace stack {x "for" x >= 0 # -x "for" x < 0</g>. </source>
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<source>formula</source>
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<source>However, this gives the incorrect result<g id="375"><g id="376"><x id="377" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[67]/text:span[0]/text:span[0]/draw:frame[0]"/></g></g>. </source>
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<source>formula</source>
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<source>To remove the inverted question marks and create the correct formula, you have to use the markup commands <g id="378">left</g>, <g id="379">right</g>, and <g id="380">none</g>. </source>
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<source>To create the correct formula, change the entry in the Formula Editor to </source>
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<source>abs <g id="381">x = left lbrace stack {x "for" x >= 0 # -x "for" x < 0} right none</g>.</source>
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<source><x id="382" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[22]/text:bookmark-start[0]"/>Recognizing functions<x id="383" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:h[22]/text:bookmark-end[0]"/></source>
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<source>In the basic installation of Math, Math outputs functions in normal characters and variables in italic characters. However, if Math fails to recognize a function, you can tell Math that you have just <x id="384" xid="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[71]/text:soft-page-break[0]"/>entered a function. Enter the markup command <g id="385">func</g> before a function forces Math to recognize the following text as a function and uses normal characters.</source>
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<source>For a full list of functions within Math, see the <g id="386">Math Guide</g>.</source>
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<source>Some Math functions have to be followed by a number or a variable. If these are missing, Math places an inverted question mark where the missing number or variable should be. To remove the inverted question mark and correct the formula, you have to enter a number, a variable, or a pair of empty brackets as a placeholder.</source>
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<source>Tip</source>
</trans-unit>
<trans-unit xml:space="preserve" id="office:document-content[0]/office:body[0]/office:text[0]/text:p[74]">
<source>You can navigate through errors in a formula using the key <g id="387">F3</g> or the key combination <g id="388">Shift+F3</g>.</source>
</trans-unit>