Rollup merge of #116090 - rmehri01:strict_integer_ops, r=m-ou-se

Implement strict integer operations that panic on overflow

This PR implements the first part of the ACP for adding panic on overflow style arithmetic operations (rust-lang/libs-team#270), mentioned in #116064.

It adds the following operations on both signed and unsigned integers:

- `strict_add`
- `strict_sub`
- `strict_mul`
- `strict_div`
- `strict_div_euclid`
- `strict_rem`
- `strict_rem_euclid`
- `strict_neg`
- `strict_shl`
- `strict_shr`
- `strict_pow`

Additionally, signed integers have:

- `strict_add_unsigned`
- `strict_sub_unsigned`
- `strict_abs`

And unsigned integers have:

- `strict_add_signed`

The `div` and `rem` operations are the same as normal division and remainder but are added for completeness similar to the corresponding `wrapping_*` operations.

I'm not sure if I missed any operations, I basically found them from the `wrapping_*` and `checked_*` operations on both integer types.