Mender is an open source over-the-air (OTA) software updater for embedded Linux devices. Mender comprises a client running at the embedded device, as well as a server that manages deployments across many devices.
This repository contains mender-convert, which is used to convert pre-built disk images (Debian, Ubuntu, Raspbian, etc) to a Mender compatible image by restructuring partition table and injecting the necessary files.
For a full list of tested devices and images please visit Mender Hub. If your device and image combination is not listed as supported, this does not necessarily mean that it will not work, it probably just means that no one has tested and reported it back and usually only small tweaks are necessary to get this running on your device.
mender-convert is supported on the following development platform(s):
- Ubuntu 22.04 x86, 64bit
Other platforms may work, but are not under active testing. Patches to add additional platforms or fix compatibility issues are welcome.
The storage used during the process, specifically the work directories (usually below the clone of
mender-convert) and the output directory should be located on local, Unix-style filesystem.
Using network storage or emulated filesystems might cause permission or owner issues.
To start using Mender, we recommend that you begin with the Getting started section in the Mender documentation.
For more detailed information about mender-convert please visit the
Debian family section in
the Mender documentation.
These configurations are officially supported.
| Configuration | Supported OS / hardware |
|---|---|
| generic_x86-64_config | Generic x86, 64bit distribution use this as a starting point only! |
| raspberrypi/uboot/raspberrypi0w_config | RaspberryPi 0w, Raspbian 32bit |
| raspberrypi/uboot/debian/raspberrypi3_bookworm_64bit_config | RaspberryPi 3, Raspberry Pi OS "bookworm" 64bit |
| raspberrypi/uboot/debian/raspberrypi4_bookworm_64bit_config | RaspberryPi 4, Raspberry Pi OS "bookworm" 64bit |
| raspberrypi/uboot/ubuntu/raspberrypi4_ubuntu_32bit_config | RaspberryPi 4, Ubuntu 32bit |
These configurations have been submitted by community contributors.
| Configuration | Supported OS / hardware |
|---|---|
| comfile_pi_config | Comfile Pi, Raspbian 32bit |
| rockpro64_emmc_config | RockPro64, Debian 32bit on internal eMMC storage |
| rockpro64_sd_config | RockPro64, Debian 32bit on external SD card storage |
The following steps give a quick start using Raspbian. For a more detailed guide, especially concerning version compatibilities, please visit the the corresponding thread on the Mender Hub.
Download the raw Raspberry Pi disk image into a subdirectory input:
mkdir -p input
cd input
wget https://downloads.raspberrypi.com/raspios_lite_arm64/images/raspios_lite_arm64-2024-07-04/2024-07-04-raspios-bookworm-arm64-lite.img.xzExtract the raw Raspberry Pi disk image:
unzip 2024-07-04-raspios-bookworm-arm64-lite.img.xz
INPUT_DISK_IMAGE=$(ls *raspios-bookworm*.img)
cd ..Bootstrap the demo rootfs overlay that is configured to connect to a Mender server with polling intervals set appropriately for demonstration purposes. There are three scripts here to support the Mender demo server, the Mender production server, and Mender Professional.
NOTE! Only run one of these three steps depending on the server type you are implementing.
Using hosted Mender
./scripts/bootstrap-rootfs-overlay-hosted-server.sh \
--output-dir ${PWD}/input/rootfs_overlay_demo \
--tenant-token "Paste token from Mender Professional"Using the Mender demo server
./scripts/bootstrap-rootfs-overlay-demo-server.sh \
--output-dir ${PWD}/input/rootfs_overlay_demo \
--server-ip 192.168.1.1Using the Mender on-premise server
./scripts/bootstrap-rootfs-overlay-production-server.sh \
--output-dir ${PWD}/input/rootfs_overlay_demo \
--server-url https://foobar.mender.io \
[ --server-cert ~/server.crt ]To make using mender-convert easier, a reference setup using a Docker container is provided.
You need to install Docker Engine to use this environment.
Build a container with all required dependencies for mender-convert:
./docker-buildThis will create a container image with the name mender-convert which you can
use to run mender-convert without polluting your host environment with the
necessary dependencies.
Run mender-convert from inside the container with your desired options, e.g.
mkdir -p input/image
cp $PATH_TO_DISK_IMAGE/$INPUT_DISK_IMAGE input/image
mkdir -p input/config
cp $PATH_TO_MY_OWN_CONFIG/$CUSTOM_CONFIG input/config
MENDER_ARTIFACT_NAME=release-1 ./docker-mender-convert \
--disk-image input/image/$INPUT_DISK_IMAGE \
--config configs/raspberrypi/uboot/debian/raspberrypi4_bookworm_64bit_config \
--config input/config/$CUSTOM_CONFIG \
--overlay input/rootfs_overlay_demoThe container will use the work/ directory as a temporary area to unpack and
customize the image's content. You can customize the work directory path
by setting the WORK_DIRECTORY env variable. To reduce the time required to
perform the conversion, you can use tempfs or ramfs mount points.
Conversion will take 10-30 minutes, depending on image size and resources
available. You can watch log/convert.log.XXXXX for progress and diagnostics
information. The exact log file path is printed before the conversion starts.
After it finishes, you can find your images in the deploy directory on your
host machine!
A continuously expanded list of possible problems and how to address those is maintained in the Mender documentation
In order to be able to manipulate and create filesystem and disk images, mender-convert has a few dependencies, and their version and name vary between Linux distributions. Here is an example of how to install the dependencies on a Debian based distribution:
sudo apt install $(cat requirements-deb.txt)Start the conversion process with:
MENDER_ARTIFACT_NAME=release-1 ./mender-convert \
--disk-image input/$INPUT_DISK_IMAGE \
--config configs/raspberrypi/uboot/debian/raspberrypi4_bookworm_64bit_config \
--overlay input/rootfs_overlay_demoNOTE! You will be prompted to enter sudo password during the conversion
process. This is required to be able to loopback mount images and for modifying
them. Our recommendation is to use the provided Docker container, to run the
tool in an isolated environment.
We welcome and ask for your contribution. If you would like to contribute to Mender, please read our guide on how to best get started contributing code or documentation.
Mender is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See LICENSE for the full license text.
We take security very seriously. If you come across any issue regarding security, please disclose the information by sending an email to security@mender.io. Please do not create a new public issue. We thank you in advance for your cooperation.
- Join the Mender Hub discussion forum
- Follow us on Twitter. Please feel free to tweet us questions.
- Fork us on Github
- Create an issue in the bugtracker
- Email us at contact@mender.io
- Connect to the #mender IRC channel on Libera
Mender was created by the team at Northern.tech AS, with many contributions from the community. Thanks everyone!
Mender is sponsored by Northern.tech AS.