I've compiled a whole bunch of comprehensive tutorials and starter code templates for the Robot Operating System (ROS), for both ROS 1 and ROS 2!
Most of these can be read through in under an hour, and they're pitched at the beginner to intermediate level. But most importantly, they're designed to be CTRL-F-able!
It will definitely help to brush up on Python and C++.
As well as Linux to be able to follow along with the tutorial.
After reading up on the ROS tutorials, you can do some further reading!
The MoveIt! project is a ROS package that helps with motion planning for robotic manipulators. As such, it is especially useful for working with and planning for arms!
https://github.com/methylDragon/moveit-tutorial
The Point Cloud Library (or PCL) is a large scale, open project [1] for 2D/3D image and point cloud processing. The PCL framework contains numerous state-of-the art algorithms including filtering, feature estimation, surface reconstruction, registration, model fitting and segmentation. These algorithms can be used, for example, to filter outliers from noisy data, stitch 3D point clouds together, segment relevant parts of a scene, extract keypoints and compute descriptors to recognize objects in the world based on their geometric appearance, and create surfaces from point clouds and visualize them -- to name a few.
https://github.com/methylDragon/pcl-ros-tutorial
The robot_localisation package in ROS is a very useful package for fusing any number of sensors using various flavours of Kalman Filters!
https://github.com/methylDragon/ros-sensor-fusion-tutorial
All credits and sources are listed inside the tutorials and references themselves.
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