Call UpdatePatternLocations from a background thread (#13758)

We have a number of theories why #12607 is happening, one of which is that
some GPU drivers somehow rely on Win32 messages or similar which we process
on the main thread. If we then try to acquire the console lock on the main
thread, while the GPU-driver thread itself is holding that lock, we've got
ourselves a deadlock. This PR makes this less likely by running the repeat
offender `UpdatePatternLocations` on a background thread instead.
We have a number of other locations which acquire the console lock on the
main thread and a thorough bug fix must be done in a different way.

## Validation Steps Performed
* After pasting an URL it gets underlined on hover ✅

src/cascadia/TerminalControl/ControlCore.cpp

@@ -195,11 +195,12 @@ namespace winrt::Microsoft::Terminal::Control::implementation
                 }
             });
 
-        _updatePatternLocations = std::make_shared<ThrottledFuncTrailing<>>(
-            _dispatcher,
+        // NOTE: Calling UpdatePatternLocations from a background
+        // thread is a workaround for us to hit GH#12607 less often.
+        _updatePatternLocations = std::make_unique<til::throttled_func_trailing<>>(
             UpdatePatternLocationsInterval,
             [weakThis = get_weak()]() {
-                if (auto core{ weakThis.get() }; !core->_IsClosing())
+                if (auto core{ weakThis.get() })
                 {
                     core->UpdatePatternLocations();
                 }
@@ -509,7 +510,7 @@ namespace winrt::Microsoft::Terminal::Control::implementation
         //      itself - it was initiated by the mouse wheel, or the scrollbar.
         _terminal->UserScrollViewport(viewTop);
 
-        _updatePatternLocations->Run();
+        (*_updatePatternLocations)();
     }
 
     void ControlCore::AdjustOpacity(const double adjustment)
@@ -1311,7 +1312,7 @@ namespace winrt::Microsoft::Terminal::Control::implementation
         }
 
         // Additionally, start the throttled update of where our links are.
-        _updatePatternLocations->Run();
+        (*_updatePatternLocations)();
     }
 
     void ControlCore::_terminalCursorPositionChanged()
@@ -1705,7 +1706,7 @@ namespace winrt::Microsoft::Terminal::Control::implementation
             _terminal->Write(hstr);
 
             // Start the throttled update of where our hyperlinks are.
-            _updatePatternLocations->Run();
+            (*_updatePatternLocations)();
         }
         catch (...)
         {

src/cascadia/TerminalControl/ControlCore.h

@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ namespace winrt::Microsoft::Terminal::Control::implementation
 
         winrt::Windows::System::DispatcherQueue _dispatcher{ nullptr };
         std::shared_ptr<ThrottledFuncTrailing<>> _tsfTryRedrawCanvas;
-        std::shared_ptr<ThrottledFuncTrailing<>> _updatePatternLocations;
+        std::unique_ptr<til::throttled_func_trailing<>> _updatePatternLocations;
         std::shared_ptr<ThrottledFuncTrailing<Control::ScrollPositionChangedArgs>> _updateScrollBar;
 
         winrt::fire_and_forget _asyncCloseConnection();