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bpo-41825: restructure docs for the os.wait*() family (pythonGH-22356)
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birkenfeld authored Nov 28, 2022
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235 changes: 142 additions & 93 deletions Doc/library/os.rst
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Expand Up @@ -4491,83 +4491,50 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
number is zero); the high bit of the low byte is set if a core file was
produced.

If there are no children that could be waited for, :exc:`ChildProcessError`
is raised.

:func:`waitstatus_to_exitcode` can be used to convert the exit status into an
exit code.

.. availability:: Unix, not Emscripten, not WASI.

.. seealso::

:func:`waitpid` can be used to wait for the completion of a specific
child process and has more options.
The other :func:`!wait*` functions documented below can be used to wait for the
completion of a specific child process and have more options.
:func:`waitpid` is the only one also available on Windows.

.. function:: waitid(idtype, id, options, /)

Wait for the completion of one or more child processes.
*idtype* can be :data:`P_PID`, :data:`P_PGID`, :data:`P_ALL`, or
:data:`P_PIDFD` on Linux.
*id* specifies the pid to wait on.
*options* is constructed from the ORing of one or more of :data:`WEXITED`,
:data:`WSTOPPED` or :data:`WCONTINUED` and additionally may be ORed with
:data:`WNOHANG` or :data:`WNOWAIT`. The return value is an object
representing the data contained in the :c:type:`siginfo_t` structure, namely:
:attr:`si_pid`, :attr:`si_uid`, :attr:`si_signo`, :attr:`si_status`,
:attr:`si_code` or ``None`` if :data:`WNOHANG` is specified and there are no
children in a waitable state.

.. availability:: Unix, not Emscripten, not WASI.

.. versionadded:: 3.3

.. data:: P_PID
P_PGID
P_ALL

These are the possible values for *idtype* in :func:`waitid`. They affect
how *id* is interpreted.

.. availability:: Unix, not Emscripten, not WASI.

.. versionadded:: 3.3

.. data:: P_PIDFD

This is a Linux-specific *idtype* that indicates that *id* is a file
descriptor that refers to a process.

.. availability:: Linux >= 5.4

.. versionadded:: 3.9

.. data:: WEXITED
WSTOPPED
WNOWAIT
.. function:: waitid(idtype, id, options, /)

Flags that can be used in *options* in :func:`waitid` that specify what
child signal to wait for.
Wait for the completion of a child process.

.. availability:: Unix, not Emscripten, not WASI.
*idtype* can be :data:`P_PID`, :data:`P_PGID`, :data:`P_ALL`, or (on Linux) :data:`P_PIDFD`.
The interpretation of *id* depends on it; see their individual descriptions.

.. versionadded:: 3.3
*options* is an OR combination of flags. At least one of :data:`WEXITED`,
:data:`WSTOPPED` or :data:`WCONTINUED` is required;
:data:`WNOHANG` and :data:`WNOWAIT` are additional optional flags.

The return value is an object representing the data contained in the
:c:type:`!siginfo_t` structure with the following attributes:

.. data:: CLD_EXITED
CLD_KILLED
CLD_DUMPED
CLD_TRAPPED
CLD_STOPPED
CLD_CONTINUED
* :attr:`!si_pid` (process ID)
* :attr:`!si_uid` (real user ID of the child)
* :attr:`!si_signo` (always :data:`~signal.SIGCHLD`)
* :attr:`!si_status` (the exit status or signal number, depending on :attr:`!si_code`)
* :attr:`!si_code` (see :data:`CLD_EXITED` for possible values)

These are the possible values for :attr:`si_code` in the result returned by
:func:`waitid`.
If :data:`WNOHANG` is specified and there are no matching children in the
requested state, ``None`` is returned.
Otherwise, if there are no matching children
that could be waited for, :exc:`ChildProcessError` is raised.

.. availability:: Unix, not Emscripten, not WASI.

.. versionadded:: 3.3

.. versionchanged:: 3.9
Added :data:`CLD_KILLED` and :data:`CLD_STOPPED` values.


.. function:: waitpid(pid, options, /)

Expand All @@ -4585,8 +4552,11 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
``-1``, status is requested for any process in the process group ``-pid`` (the
absolute value of *pid*).

An :exc:`OSError` is raised with the value of errno when the syscall
returns -1.
*options* is an OR combination of flags. If it contains :data:`WNOHANG` and
there are no matching children in the requested state, ``(0, 0)`` is
returned. Otherwise, if there are no matching children that could be waited
for, :exc:`ChildProcessError` is raised. Other options that can be used are
:data:`WUNTRACED` and :data:`WCONTINUED`.

On Windows: Wait for completion of a process given by process handle *pid*, and
return a tuple containing *pid*, and its exit status shifted left by 8 bits
Expand All @@ -4599,7 +4569,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
:func:`waitstatus_to_exitcode` can be used to convert the exit status into an
exit code.

.. availability:: Unix, not Emscripten, not WASI.
.. availability:: Unix, Windows, not Emscripten, not WASI.

.. versionchanged:: 3.5
If the system call is interrupted and the signal handler does not raise an
Expand All @@ -4612,9 +4582,9 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
Similar to :func:`waitpid`, except no process id argument is given and a
3-element tuple containing the child's process id, exit status indication,
and resource usage information is returned. Refer to
:mod:`resource`.\ :func:`~resource.getrusage` for details on resource usage
information. The option argument is the same as that provided to
:func:`waitpid` and :func:`wait4`.
:func:`resource.getrusage` for details on resource usage information. The
*options* argument is the same as that provided to :func:`waitpid` and
:func:`wait4`.

:func:`waitstatus_to_exitcode` can be used to convert the exit status into an
exitcode.
Expand All @@ -4625,17 +4595,122 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
.. function:: wait4(pid, options)

Similar to :func:`waitpid`, except a 3-element tuple, containing the child's
process id, exit status indication, and resource usage information is returned.
Refer to :mod:`resource`.\ :func:`~resource.getrusage` for details on
resource usage information. The arguments to :func:`wait4` are the same
as those provided to :func:`waitpid`.
process id, exit status indication, and resource usage information is
returned. Refer to :func:`resource.getrusage` for details on resource usage
information. The arguments to :func:`wait4` are the same as those provided
to :func:`waitpid`.

:func:`waitstatus_to_exitcode` can be used to convert the exit status into an
exitcode.

.. availability:: Unix, not Emscripten, not WASI.


.. data:: P_PID
P_PGID
P_ALL
P_PIDFD

These are the possible values for *idtype* in :func:`waitid`. They affect
how *id* is interpreted:

* :data:`!P_PID` - wait for the child whose PID is *id*.
* :data:`!P_PGID` - wait for any child whose progress group ID is *id*.
* :data:`!P_ALL` - wait for any child; *id* is ignored.
* :data:`!P_PIDFD` - wait for the child identified by the file descriptor
*id* (a process file descriptor created with :func:`pidfd_open`).

.. availability:: Unix, not Emscripten, not WASI.

.. note:: :data:`!P_PIDFD` is only available on Linux >= 5.4.

.. versionadded:: 3.3
.. versionadded:: 3.9
The :data:`!P_PIDFD` constant.


.. data:: WCONTINUED

This *options* flag for :func:`waitpid`, :func:`wait3`, :func:`wait4`, and
:func:`waitid` causes child processes to be reported if they have been
continued from a job control stop since they were last reported.

.. availability:: Unix, not Emscripten, not WASI.


.. data:: WEXITED

This *options* flag for :func:`waitid` causes child processes that have terminated to
be reported.

The other ``wait*`` functions always report children that have terminated,
so this option is not available for them.

.. availability:: Unix, not Emscripten, not WASI.

.. versionadded:: 3.3


.. data:: WSTOPPED

This *options* flag for :func:`waitid` causes child processes that have been stopped
by the delivery of a signal to be reported.

This option is not available for the other ``wait*`` functions.

.. availability:: Unix, not Emscripten, not WASI.

.. versionadded:: 3.3


.. data:: WUNTRACED

This *options* flag for :func:`waitpid`, :func:`wait3`, and :func:`wait4` causes
child processes to also be reported if they have been stopped but their
current state has not been reported since they were stopped.

This option is not available for :func:`waitid`.

.. availability:: Unix, not Emscripten, not WASI.


.. data:: WNOHANG

This *options* flag causes :func:`waitpid`, :func:`wait3`, :func:`wait4`, and
:func:`waitid` to return right away if no child process status is available
immediately.

.. availability:: Unix, not Emscripten, not WASI.


.. data:: WNOWAIT

This *options* flag causes :func:`waitid` to leave the child in a waitable state, so that
a later :func:`!wait*` call can be used to retrieve the child status information again.

This option is not available for the other ``wait*`` functions.

.. availability:: Unix, not Emscripten, not WASI.


.. data:: CLD_EXITED
CLD_KILLED
CLD_DUMPED
CLD_TRAPPED
CLD_STOPPED
CLD_CONTINUED

These are the possible values for :attr:`!si_code` in the result returned by
:func:`waitid`.

.. availability:: Unix, not Emscripten, not WASI.

.. versionadded:: 3.3

.. versionchanged:: 3.9
Added :data:`CLD_KILLED` and :data:`CLD_STOPPED` values.


.. function:: waitstatus_to_exitcode(status)

Convert a wait status to an exit code.
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -4668,32 +4743,6 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
.. versionadded:: 3.9


.. data:: WNOHANG

The option for :func:`waitpid` to return immediately if no child process status
is available immediately. The function returns ``(0, 0)`` in this case.

.. availability:: Unix, not Emscripten, not WASI.


.. data:: WCONTINUED

This option causes child processes to be reported if they have been continued
from a job control stop since their status was last reported.

.. availability:: Unix, not Emscripten, not WASI.

Some Unix systems.


.. data:: WUNTRACED

This option causes child processes to be reported if they have been stopped but
their current state has not been reported since they were stopped.

.. availability:: Unix, not Emscripten, not WASI.


The following functions take a process status code as returned by
:func:`system`, :func:`wait`, or :func:`waitpid` as a parameter. They may be
used to determine the disposition of a process.
Expand Down
3 changes: 3 additions & 0 deletions Misc/NEWS.d/next/Documentation/2020-09-22-12-32-16.bpo-41825.npcaCb.rst
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Restructured the documentation for the :func:`os.wait* <os.wait>` family of functions,
and improved the docs for :func:`os.waitid` with more explanation of the
possible argument constants.

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