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V10.17.0 proposal #29150

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V10.17.0 proposal #29150

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2019-08-15, Version 10.17.0 'Dubnium' (LTS), @BethGriggs

Notable changes

This is a security release.

Node.js, as well as many other implementations of HTTP/2, have been found
vulnerable to Denial of Service attacks.
See https://github.com/Netflix/security-bulletins/blob/master/advisories/third-party/2019-002.md
for more information.

Vulnerabilities fixed:

  • CVE-2019-9511 “Data Dribble”: The attacker requests a large amount of data from a specified resource over multiple streams. They manipulate window size and stream priority to force the server to queue the data in 1-byte chunks. Depending on how efficiently this data is queued, this can consume excess CPU, memory, or both, potentially leading to a denial of service.
  • CVE-2019-9512 “Ping Flood”: The attacker sends continual pings to an HTTP/2 peer, causing the peer to build an internal queue of responses. Depending on how efficiently this data is queued, this can consume excess CPU, memory, or both, potentially leading to a denial of service.
  • CVE-2019-9513 “Resource Loop”: The attacker creates multiple request streams and continually shuffles the priority of the streams in a way that causes substantial churn to the priority tree. This can consume excess CPU, potentially leading to a denial of service.
  • CVE-2019-9514 “Reset Flood”: The attacker opens a number of streams and sends an invalid request over each stream that should solicit a stream of RST_STREAM frames from the peer. Depending on how the peer queues the RST_STREAM frames, this can consume excess memory, CPU, or both, potentially leading to a denial of service.
  • CVE-2019-9515 “Settings Flood”: The attacker sends a stream of SETTINGS frames to the peer. Since the RFC requires that the peer reply with one acknowledgement per SETTINGS frame, an empty SETTINGS frame is almost equivalent in behavior to a ping. Depending on how efficiently this data is queued, this can consume excess CPU, memory, or both, potentially leading to a denial of service.
  • CVE-2019-9516 “0-Length Headers Leak”: The attacker sends a stream of headers with a 0-length header name and 0-length header value, optionally Huffman encoded into 1-byte or greater headers. Some implementations allocate memory for these headers and keep the allocation alive until the session dies. This can consume excess memory, potentially leading to a denial of service.
  • CVE-2019-9517 “Internal Data Buffering”: The attacker opens the HTTP/2 window so the peer can send without constraint; however, they leave the TCP window closed so the peer cannot actually write (many of) the bytes on the wire. The attacker then sends a stream of requests for a large response object. Depending on how the servers queue the responses, this can consume excess memory, CPU, or both, potentially leading to a denial of service.
  • CVE-2019-9518 “Empty Frames Flood”: The attacker sends a stream of frames with an empty payload and without the end-of-stream flag. These frames can be DATA, HEADERS, CONTINUATION and/or PUSH_PROMISE. The peer spends time processing each frame disproportionate to attack bandwidth. This can consume excess CPU, potentially leading to a denial of service. (Discovered by Piotr Sikora of Google)

Commits

  • [74507fae34] - deps: update nghttp2 to 1.39.2 (Anna Henningsen) #29122
  • [a397c881ec] - deps: update nghttp2 to 1.39.1 (gengjiawen) #28448
  • [fedfa12a33] - deps: update nghttp2 to 1.38.0 (gengjiawen) #27295
  • [ab0f2ace36] - (SEMVER-MINOR) deps: update nghttp2 to 1.37.0 (gengjiawen) #26990
  • [0acbe05ee2] - http2: allow security revert for Ping/Settings Flood (Anna Henningsen) #29122
  • [c152449012] - http2: pause input processing if sending output (Anna Henningsen) #29122
  • [0ce699c7b1] - http2: stop reading from socket if writes are in progress (Anna Henningsen) #29122
  • [17357d37a9] - http2: consider 0-length non-end DATA frames an error (Anna Henningsen) #29122
  • [460f896c63] - http2: shrink default vector::reserve() allocations (Anna Henningsen) #29122
  • [f4242e24f9] - http2: handle 0-length headers better (Anna Henningsen) #29122
  • [477461a51f] - http2: limit number of invalid incoming frames (Anna Henningsen) #29122
  • [05dada46ee] - http2: limit number of rejected stream openings (Anna Henningsen) #29122
  • [7f11465572] - http2: do not create ArrayBuffers when no DATA received (Anna Henningsen) #29122
  • [2eb914ff5f] - http2: only call into JS when necessary for session events (Anna Henningsen) #29122
  • [76a7ada15d] - http2: improve JS-side debug logging (Anna Henningsen) #29122
  • [00f153da13] - http2: improve http2 code a bit (James M Snell) #23984
  • [a0a14c809f] - src: pass along errors from http2 object creation (Anna Henningsen) #25822
  • [d85e4006ab] - test: apply test-http2-max-session-memory-leak from v12.x (Anna Henningsen) #29122

jasnell and others added 19 commits August 15, 2019 15:14
@jasnell @BethGriggs
http2: improve http2 code a bit
00f153d 
Multiple general improvements to http2 internals for
readability and efficiency

[This backport applied to v10.x cleanly.]

Backport-PR-URL: #29123
PR-URL: #23984
Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>
Reviewed-By: Trivikram Kamat <trivikr.dev@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Ujjwal Sharma <usharma1998@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Matteo Collina <matteo.collina@gmail.com>
@addaleax @BethGriggs
src: pass along errors from http2 object creation
a0a14c8 
[This backport applied to v10.x cleanly.]

Backport-PR-URL: #29123
PR-URL: #25822
Reviewed-By: Gireesh Punathil <gpunathi@in.ibm.com>
@gengjiawen @BethGriggs
deps: update nghttp2 to 1.37.0
ab0f2ac 
Backport-PR-URL: #29123
PR-URL: #26990
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>
Reviewed-By: Matteo Collina <matteo.collina@gmail.com>
@gengjiawen @BethGriggs
deps: update nghttp2 to 1.38.0
fedfa12 
Backport-PR-URL: #29123
PR-URL: #27295
Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>
Reviewed-By: Colin Ihrig <cjihrig@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Yongsheng Zhang <zyszys98@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Masashi Hirano <shisama07@gmail.com>
@gengjiawen @BethGriggs
deps: update nghttp2 to 1.39.1
a397c88 
Backport-PR-URL: #29123
PR-URL: #28448
Reviewed-By: Trivikram Kamat <trivikr.dev@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Colin Ihrig <cjihrig@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>
Reviewed-By: Rich Trott <rtrott@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Ruben Bridgewater <ruben@bridgewater.de>
@addaleax @BethGriggs
deps: update nghttp2 to 1.39.2
74507fa 
This includes mitigations for CVE-2019-9512/CVE-2019-9515.

Backport-PR-URL: #29123
PR-URL: #29122
Reviewed-By: Rich Trott <rtrott@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
@addaleax @BethGriggs
http2: improve JS-side debug logging
76a7ada 
DRY up the `debug()` calls, and in particular, avoid building template
strings before we know whether we need to.

Backport-PR-URL: #29123
PR-URL: #29122
Reviewed-By: Rich Trott <rtrott@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
@addaleax @BethGriggs
http2: only call into JS when necessary for session events
2eb914f 
For some JS events, it only makes sense to call into JS when there
are listeners for the event in question.

The overhead is noticeable if a lot of these events are emitted during
the lifetime of a session. To reduce this overhead, keep track of
whether any/how many JS listeners are present, and if there are none,
skip calls into JS altogether.

This is part of performance improvements to mitigate CVE-2019-9513.

Backport-PR-URL: #29123
PR-URL: #29122
Reviewed-By: Rich Trott <rtrott@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
@addaleax @BethGriggs
http2: do not create ArrayBuffers when no DATA received
7f11465 
Lazily allocate `ArrayBuffer`s for the contents of DATA frames.
Creating `ArrayBuffer`s is, sadly, not a cheap operation with V8.

This is part of performance improvements to mitigate CVE-2019-9513.

Together with the previous commit, these changes improve throughput
in the adversarial case by about 100 %, and there is little more
that we can do besides artificially limiting the rate of incoming
metadata frames (i.e. after this patch, CPU usage is virtually
exclusively in libnghttp2).

[This backport also applies changes from 83e1b97 and required
some manual work due to the lack of `AllocatedBuffer` on v10.x.]

Refs: #26201

Backport-PR-URL: #29123
PR-URL: #29122
Reviewed-By: Rich Trott <rtrott@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
@addaleax @BethGriggs
http2: limit number of rejected stream openings
05dada4 
Limit the number of streams that are rejected upon creation. Since
each such rejection is associated with an `NGHTTP2_ENHANCE_YOUR_CALM`
error that should tell the peer to not open any more streams,
continuing to open streams should be read as a sign of a misbehaving
peer. The limit is currently set to 100 but could be changed or made
configurable.

This is intended to mitigate CVE-2019-9514.

Backport-PR-URL: #29123
PR-URL: #29122
Reviewed-By: Rich Trott <rtrott@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
@addaleax @BethGriggs
http2: limit number of invalid incoming frames
477461a 
Limit the number of invalid input frames, as they may be pointing towards a
misbehaving peer. The limit is currently set to 1000 but could be changed or
made configurable.

This is intended to mitigate CVE-2019-9514.

[This commit differs from the v12.x one due to the lack of
libuv/libuv@ee24ce900e5714c950b248da2b.
See the comment in the test for more details.]

Backport-PR-URL: #29123
PR-URL: #29122
Reviewed-By: Rich Trott <rtrott@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
@addaleax @BethGriggs
http2: handle 0-length headers better
f4242e2 
Ignore headers with 0-length names and track memory for headers
the way we track it for other HTTP/2 session memory too.

This is intended to mitigate CVE-2019-9516.

Backport-PR-URL: #29123
PR-URL: #29122
Reviewed-By: Rich Trott <rtrott@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
@addaleax @BethGriggs
http2: shrink default vector::reserve() allocations
460f896 
Allocating memory upfront comes with overhead, and in particular,
`std::vector` implementations do not necessarily return memory
to the system when one might expect that (e.g. after shrinking the
vector).

Backport-PR-URL: #29123
PR-URL: #29122
Reviewed-By: Rich Trott <rtrott@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
@addaleax @BethGriggs
http2: consider 0-length non-end DATA frames an error
17357d3 
This is intended to mitigate CVE-2019-9518.

Backport-PR-URL: #29123
PR-URL: #29122
Reviewed-By: Rich Trott <rtrott@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
@addaleax @BethGriggs
http2: stop reading from socket if writes are in progress
0ce699c 
If a write to the underlying socket finishes asynchronously, that
means that we cannot write any more data at that point without waiting
for it to finish. If this happens, we should also not be producing any
more input.

This is part of mitigating CVE-2019-9511/CVE-2019-9517.

Backport-PR-URL: #29123
PR-URL: #29122
Reviewed-By: Rich Trott <rtrott@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
@addaleax @BethGriggs
http2: pause input processing if sending output
c152449 
If we are waiting for the ability to send more output, we should not
process more input. This commit a) makes us send output earlier,
during processing of input, if we accumulate a lot and b) allows
interrupting the call into nghttp2 that processes input data
and resuming it at a later time, if we do find ourselves in a position
where we are waiting to be able to send more output.

This is part of mitigating CVE-2019-9511/CVE-2019-9517.

Backport-PR-URL: #29123
PR-URL: #29122
Reviewed-By: Rich Trott <rtrott@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
@addaleax @BethGriggs
http2: allow security revert for Ping/Settings Flood
0acbe05 
nghttp2 has updated its limit for outstanding Ping/Settings ACKs
to 1000. This commit allows reverting to the old default of 10000.

The associated CVEs are CVE-2019-9512/CVE-2019-9515.

Backport-PR-URL: #29123
PR-URL: #29122
Reviewed-By: Rich Trott <rtrott@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
@addaleax @BethGriggs
test: apply test-http2-max-session-memory-leak from v12.x
d85e400 
Refs: #27914

Backport-PR-URL: #29123
PR-URL: #29122
Reviewed-By: Rich Trott <rtrott@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
@BethGriggs
2019-08-15, Version 10.17.0 'Dubnium' (LTS)
8994fff 
This is a security release.

Notable changes:

Node.js, as well as many other implementations of HTTP/2, have been
found vulnerable to Denial of Service attacks.
See https://github.com/Netflix/security-bulletins/blob/master/advisories/third-party/2019-002.md
for more information.

Vulnerabilities fixed:

* CVE-2019-9511 “Data Dribble”: The attacker requests a large amount of
  data from a specified resource over multiple streams. They manipulate
  window size and stream priority to force the server to queue the data
  in 1-byte chunks. Depending on how efficiently this data is queued,
  this can consume excess CPU, memory, or both, potentially leading to a
  denial of service.
* CVE-2019-9512 “Ping Flood”: The attacker sends continual pings to an
  HTTP/2 peer, causing the peer to build an internal queue of responses.
  Depending on how efficiently this data is queued, this can consume
  excess CPU, memory, or both, potentially leading to a denial of
  service.
* CVE-2019-9513 “Resource Loop”: The attacker creates multiple request
  streams and continually shuffles the priority of the streams in a way
  that causes substantial churn to the priority tree. This can consume
  excess CPU, potentially leading to a denial of service.
* CVE-2019-9514 “Reset Flood”: The attacker opens a number of streams
  and sends an invalid request over each stream that should solicit a
  stream of RST_STREAM frames from the peer. Depending on how the peer
  queues the RST_STREAM frames, this can consume excess memory, CPU,or
  both, potentially leading to a denial of service.
* CVE-2019-9515 “Settings Flood”: The attacker sends a stream of
  SETTINGS frames to the peer. Since the RFC requires that the peer
  reply with one acknowledgement per SETTINGS frame, an empty SETTINGS
  frame is almost equivalent in behavior to a ping. Depending on how
  efficiently this data is queued, this can consume excess CPU, memory,
  or both, potentially leading to a denial of service.
* CVE-2019-9516 “0-Length Headers Leak”: The attacker sends a stream of
  headers with a 0-length header name and 0-length header value,
  optionally Huffman encoded into 1-byte or greater headers. Some
  implementations allocate memory for these headers and keep the
  allocation alive until the session dies. This can consume excess
  memory, potentially leading to a denial of service.
* CVE-2019-9517 “Internal Data Buffering”: The attacker opens the HTTP/2
  window so the peer can send without constraint; however, they leave
  the TCP window closed so the peer cannot actually write (many of) the
  bytes on the wire. The attacker then sends a stream of requests for a
  large response object. Depending on how the servers queue the
  responses, this can consume excess memory, CPU, or both, potentially
  leading to a denial of service.
* CVE-2019-9518 “Empty Frames Flood”: The attacker sends a stream of
  frames with an empty payload and without the end-of-stream flag. These
  frames can be DATA, HEADERS, CONTINUATION and/or PUSH_PROMISE. The
  peer spends time processing each frame disproportionate to attack
  bandwidth. This can consume excess CPU, potentially leading to a
  denial of service. (Discovered by Piotr Sikora of Google)

PR-URL:
@nodejs-github-bot nodejs-github-bot added lib / src Issues and PRs related to general changes in the lib or src directory. v10.x labels Aug 15, 2019
@michaelsbradleyjr
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michaelsbradleyjr commented Aug 15, 2019 •
edited
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Is there any possibility that e0e776331a, which was included in the 12.8.0 release, can be included in (or backported into) 10.17.0? (cc: @tniessen)

@addaleax
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Is there any possibility that e0e7763, which was included in the 12.8.0 release, can be included in (or backported into) 10.17.0? (cc: @tniessen)

To clarify, there is very likely not going to be a semver-minor release today (see #29148), and we don’t typically mix in other commits into security updates for LTS branches. I’ve added the backport-requested-v10.x label to #28799 so that your request hopefully does not get lost. :)

@BethGriggs BethGriggs closed this Aug 15, 2019
@michaelsbradleyjr
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Thanks @addaleax.

@addaleax addaleax deleted the v10.17.0-proposal branch August 15, 2019 18:12
@addaleax
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@michaelsbradleyjr Also, if you want to have your own part in making that happen, feel free to do the backport yourself, https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/master/doc/guides/backporting-to-release-lines.md should help with that and if you have any questions, feel free to ask them (in IRC or in #28799) 🙂

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@BethGriggs @michaelsbradleyjr @addaleax @nodejs-github-bot @jasnell @gengjiawen