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# Nuxt Bridge | ||
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> Use backported Nuxt 3 features in Nuxt 2 | ||
> Experience Nuxt 3 features on existing Nuxt 2 projects. | ||
Learn more about this package: <https://v3.nuxtjs.org/getting-started/bridge> | ||
If you're starting a fresh Nuxt 3 project, please skip this section and go to [Nuxt 3 Installation](/getting-started/quick-start). | ||
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**Note:** Nuxt Bridge provides identical features to Nuxt 3 ([docs](/guide/features)) but there are some limitations, notably that `useAsyncData` and `useFetch` composables are not available. Please read the rest of this page for details. | ||
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Bridge is a forward-compatibility layer that allows you to experience many of the new Nuxt 3 features by simply installing and enabling a Nuxt module. | ||
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Using Nuxt Bridge, you can make sure your project is (almost) ready for Nuxt 3 and have the best developer experience without needing a major rewrite or risk breaking changes. | ||
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## Preparation: Upgrade Nuxt 2 | ||
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Make sure your dev server (`nuxt dev`) isn't running, remove any package lock files (`package-lock.json` and `yarn.lock`), and install the latest `nuxt-edge`: | ||
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```diff [package.json] | ||
- "nuxt": "^2.15.0" | ||
+ "nuxt-edge": "latest" | ||
``` | ||
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Then, reinstall your dependencies: | ||
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```bash [Yarn] | ||
yarn install | ||
``` | ||
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```bash [NPM] | ||
npm install | ||
``` | ||
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::alert | ||
Once the installation is complete, make sure both development and production builds are working as expected before proceeding. | ||
## Install Nuxt Bridge | ||
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Install `@nuxt/bridge-edge` as a development dependency: | ||
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```bash [Yarn] | ||
yarn add --dev @nuxt/bridge@npm:@nuxt/bridge-edge | ||
``` | ||
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```bash [NPM] | ||
npm install -D @nuxt/bridge@npm:@nuxt/bridge-edge | ||
``` | ||
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## Update your scripts | ||
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You will also need to update your scripts within your `package.json` to reflect the fact that Nuxt will now produce a Nitro server as build output. | ||
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### Nuxi | ||
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Nuxt 3 introduced the new Nuxt CLI command [`nuxi`](/api/commands/add). Update your scripts as follows to leverage the better support from Nuxt Bridge: | ||
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```diff | ||
{ | ||
"scripts": { | ||
- "dev": "nuxt", | ||
+ "dev": "nuxi dev", | ||
- "build": "nuxt build", | ||
+ "build": "nuxi build", | ||
- "start": "nuxt start", | ||
+ "start": "nuxi preview" | ||
} | ||
} | ||
``` | ||
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### Static target | ||
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If you have set `target: 'static'` in your `nuxt.config` then you need to ensure that you update your build script to be `nuxi generate`. | ||
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```json [package.json] | ||
{ | ||
"scripts": { | ||
"build": "nuxi generate" | ||
} | ||
} | ||
``` | ||
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### Server target | ||
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For all other situations, you can use the `nuxi build` command. | ||
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```json [package.json] | ||
{ | ||
"scripts": { | ||
"build": "nuxi build", | ||
"start": "nuxi preview" | ||
} | ||
} | ||
``` | ||
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## Update `nuxt.config` | ||
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Please make sure to avoid any CommonJS syntax such as `module.exports`, `require` or `require.resolve` in your config file. It will soon be deprecated and unsupported. | ||
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You can use static `import`, dynamic `import()` and `export default` instead. Using TypeScript by renaming to `nuxt.config.ts` is also possible and recommended. | ||
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```ts [nuxt.config.js|ts] | ||
import { defineNuxtConfig } from '@nuxt/bridge' | ||
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export default defineNuxtConfig({ | ||
// Your existing configuration | ||
}) | ||
``` | ||
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## Update `tsconfig.json` | ||
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If you are using TypeScript, you can edit your `tsconfig.json` to benefit from auto-generated Nuxt types: | ||
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```diff [tsconfig.json] | ||
{ | ||
+ "extends": "./.nuxt/tsconfig.json", | ||
"compilerOptions": { | ||
... | ||
} | ||
} | ||
``` | ||
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Keep in mind that all options extended from `./.nuxt/tsconfig.json` will be overwritten by the options defined in your `tsconfig.json`. | ||
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Overwriting options such as `"compilerOptions.paths"` with your own configuration will lead TypeScript to not factor in the module resolutions from `./.nuxt/tsconfig.json`. This can lead to module resolutions such as `#imports` not being recognized. | ||
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In case you need to extend options provided by `./.nuxt/tsconfig.json` further, you can use the `alias` property withing your `nuxt.config`. `nuxi` will pick them up and extend `./.nuxt/tsconfig.json` accordingly. | ||
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## Migrate Composition API | ||
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If you were using `@vue/composition-api` or `@nuxtjs/composition-api`, please read the [composition api migration guide](/bridge/bridge-composition-api). | ||
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### Migrate from CommonJS to ESM | ||
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Nuxt 3 natively supports TypeScript and ECMAScript Modules. Please check [Native ES Modules](/guide/going-further/esm) for more info and upgrading. | ||
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## Remove incompatible and obsolete modules | ||
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- Remove `@nuxt/content` (1.x). A rewrite for Nuxt 3 is planned (2.x) | ||
- Remove `nuxt-vite`: Bridge enables same functionality | ||
- Remove `@nuxt/typescript-build`: Bridge enables same functionality | ||
- Remove `@nuxt/typescript-runtime` and `nuxt-ts`: Nuxt 2 has built-in runtime support | ||
- Remove `@nuxt/nitro`: Bridge injects same functionality | ||
- Remove `@vue/composition-api` from your dependencies ([migration guide](/bridge/bridge-composition-api)). | ||
- Remove `@nuxtjs/composition-api` from your dependencies (and from your modules in `nuxt.config`) ([migration guide](/bridge/bridge-composition-api)). | ||
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## Exclude built Nitro folder from git | ||
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Add the folder `.output` to the `.gitignore` file. | ||
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## Ensure everything goes well | ||
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✔️ Try with `nuxi dev` and `nuxi build` (or `nuxi generate`) to see if everything goes well. | ||
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🐛 Is something wrong? Please let us know by creating an issue. Also, you can easily disable the bridge in the meantime: | ||
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```ts [nuxt.config.js|ts] | ||
import { defineNuxtConfig } from '@nuxt/bridge' | ||
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export default defineNuxtConfig({ | ||
bridge: false // Temporarily disable bridge integration | ||
}) | ||
``` | ||
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## New plugins format (optional) | ||
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You can now migrate to the Nuxt 3 plugins API, which is slightly different in format from Nuxt 2. | ||
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Plugins now take only one argument (`nuxtApp`). You can find out more in [the docs](/guide/directory-structure/plugins). | ||
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```js | ||
export default defineNuxtPlugin(nuxtApp => { | ||
nuxtApp.provide('injected', () => 'my injected function') | ||
// now available on `nuxtApp.$injected` | ||
}) | ||
``` | ||
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If you want to use the new Nuxt composables (such as `useNuxtApp` or `useRuntimeConfig`) within your plugins, you will need to use the `defineNuxtPlugin` helper for those plugins. | ||
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Although a compatibility interface is provided via `nuxtApp.vueApp` you should avoid registering plugins, directives, mixins or components this way without adding your own logic to ensure they are not installed more than once, or this may cause a memory leak. | ||
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## New `useHead` (optional) | ||
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Nuxt Bridge provides a new Nuxt 3 meta API that can be accessed with a new `useHead` composable. | ||
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```vue | ||
<script setup> | ||
useHead({ | ||
title: 'My Nuxt App', | ||
}) | ||
</script> | ||
``` | ||
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You will also need to enable this feature explicitly in your `nuxt.config`: | ||
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```js | ||
import { defineNuxtConfig } from '@nuxt/bridge' | ||
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export default defineNuxtConfig({ | ||
bridge: { | ||
meta: true | ||
} | ||
}) | ||
``` | ||
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This `useHead` composable uses `@vueuse/head` under the hood (rather than `vue-meta`) to manipulate your `<head>`. | ||
Accordingly, we recommend not to use both the native Nuxt 2 `head()` properties as well as `useHead`, as they may conflict. | ||
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For more information on how to use this composable, see [the docs](/guide/features/head-management). | ||
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## Feature Flags | ||
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You can optionally disable some features from bridge or opt-in to less stable ones. In normal circumstances, it is always best to stick with defaults! | ||
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You can check [bridge/src/module.ts](https://github.com/nuxt/framework/blob/main/packages/bridge/src/module.ts) for latest defaults. | ||
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```ts [nuxt.config.js|ts] | ||
import { defineNuxtConfig } from '@nuxt/bridge' | ||
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export default defineNuxtConfig({ | ||
bridge: { | ||
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// -- Opt-in features -- | ||
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// Use Vite as the bundler instead of webpack 4 | ||
// vite: true, | ||
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// Enable Nuxt 3 compatible useHead | ||
// meta: true, | ||
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// -- Default features -- | ||
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// Use legacy server instead of Nitro | ||
// nitro: false, | ||
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// Disable nuxt 3 compatible `nuxtApp` interface | ||
// app: false, | ||
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// Disable Composition API support | ||
// capi: false, | ||
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// ... or just disable legacy Composition API support | ||
// capi: { | ||
// legacy: false | ||
// }, | ||
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// Do not transpile modules | ||
// transpile: false, | ||
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// Disable <script setup> support | ||
// scriptSetup: false, | ||
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// Disable composables auto importing | ||
// autoImports: false, | ||
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// Do not warn about module incompatibilities | ||
// constraints: false | ||
}, | ||
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vite: { | ||
// Config for Vite | ||
} | ||
}) | ||
``` | ||
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## License | ||
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[MIT](https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt.js/blob/dev/LICENSE) |