Add CodeQL security scans

[amanbrar1999]

Motivation

Follow up to issue open-telemetry/oteps#144

CodeQL is GitHub's static analysis engine which scans repos for security vulnerabilities. As the project grows and we near GA it might be useful to have a workflow which checks for security vulnerabilities with every PR so we can ensure every incremental change is following best development practices. Also passing basic security checks will also make sure that there aren't any glaring issues for our users.

Changes

• This PR adds CodeQL security checks to the repo
• After every run the workflow uploads the results to GitHub. Details on the run and security alerts will show up in the security tab of this repo.

Workflow Triggers

• daily cron job at 1:30am
• workflow_dispatch (in case maintainers want to trigger a security check manually)

cc- @alolita

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #1785 (1804a7e) into master (a5ca32b) will increase coverage by 0.01%.
The diff coverage is n/a.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #1785      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   92.49%   92.50%   +0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         173      173              
  Lines        6019     6019              
  Branches     1287     1287              
==========================================
+ Hits         5567     5568       +1     
+ Misses        452      451       -1     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
...emetry-core/src/platform/node/RandomIdGenerator.ts	93.75% <0.00%> (+6.25%)	⬆️

[dyladan]

Please update the branch or make the PR editable by maintainers.