Add deprecation checklist document for Substrate

substrate/docs/deprecation-process.md

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+# Deprecation Process
+
+This deprecation process makes sense while we don’t [SemVer](https://semver.org/), after that this process will most likely change.
+
+As deprecation and removal of existing features can happen on any release we need to be mindful that external builders can be impacted by the changes we make.
+
+This process tries to mitigate this impact, while still keeping the devex as smooth as possible.
+
+First of all we need to create a new issue with the label `I11-deprecation` and add it to the [Runtime / FRAME](https://github.com/orgs/paritytech/projects/40) project. This will make sure that the issue is added to the [Deprecation board](https://github.com/orgs/paritytech/projects/40/views/12) for correct tracking.
+
+These are the actions to take:
+
+### Hard deprecate by adding a warning message
+
+The warning message should include a removal month and year, which is suggested to be 6 months from the deprecation notice is released. This means that the feature will be removed in a release within that month (or after, but never before). Something on these lines:
+
+```rust
+#[deprecated(note = "`GenesisConfig` is planned to be removed in December 2023. 
+Use `RuntimeGenesisConfig` instead.")]
+
+```
+
+Some features cannot be label as deprecated, like [reexports](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/30827) or [dispatchables](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/182#issuecomment-1691684159) for instance. On cases like that we can only make a visible enough comment, and make sure that we [announce the deprecation properly](#announce-the-deprecation-and-removal).
+
+### Remove usage of the deprecated feature in the code base
+
+Just make sure that we are not using the deprecated feature ourselves. If you added the deprecation warning from the previous step, this should be easy to get done.
+
+### Update examples and tutorials
+
+Make sure that the rust docs is updated.
+
+We also want [https://docs.substrate.io/](https://docs.substrate.io/) to be updated, you can open an issue on [https://github.com/substrate-developer-hub/substrate-docs](https://github.com/substrate-developer-hub/substrate-docs).
+
+### Announce the deprecation and removal
+
+**At minimum they should be noted in the release log.**
+Sometimes the release note is not enough. Make sure you are as loud as you need to be for the magnitude of the breaking change. Some breaking changes have a bigger impact than others.
+
+### Removal version is planned
+
+Depending on the removal date indicated in the deprecation warning in the [first step](#hard-deprecate-by-adding-a-warning-message), the nature and the importance of the change, it might make sense to coordinate the release with other developers and with the Release team.
+
+### Deprecated feature is removed
+
+The deprecated feature gets finally removed. Don’t forget to [announce this accordingly](#announce-the-deprecation-and-removal).
+
+✅ In order to not forget any of these steps, consider using this template in your deprecation issue:
+```
+### Tasks
+
+-   [ ] Deprecate feature by adding a warning message
+-   [ ] Remove usage of the deprecated feature in the code base
+-   [ ] Update examples and tutorials
+-   [ ] Announce feature deprecation
+-   [ ] Plan removal version
+-   [ ] Announce feature removal
+-   [ ] Remove deprecated feature
+```