add market gas price to simulate duplicate nonce behavior

accounts/abi/bind/backends/simulated.go

@@ -63,13 +63,16 @@ type SimulatedBackend struct {
 	database   ethdb.Database   // In memory database to store our testing data
 	blockchain *core.BlockChain // Ethereum blockchain to handle the consensus
 
-	mu           sync.Mutex
-	pendingBlock *types.Block   // Currently pending block that will be imported on request
-	pendingState *state.StateDB // Currently pending state that will be the active on request
+	mu                sync.Mutex
+	stuckTransactions types.Transactions // holds onto all txes that don't go into the pending block due to low gas
+	pendingBlock      *types.Block       // Currently pending block that will be imported on request
+	pendingState      *state.StateDB     // Currently pending state that will be the active on request
 
 	events *filters.EventSystem // Event system for filtering log events live
 
 	config *params.ChainConfig
+
+	marketGasPrice *big.Int // minimum gas price it needs to have the block mined in simulated blockchain
 }
 
 // NewSimulatedBackendWithDatabase creates a new binding backend based on the given database
@@ -109,12 +112,28 @@ func (b *SimulatedBackend) Commit() {
 	b.mu.Lock()
 	defer b.mu.Unlock()
 
-	if _, err := b.blockchain.InsertChain([]*types.Block{b.pendingBlock}); err != nil {
+	// Get the last block
+	parentBlock := b.blockchain.GetBlockByHash(b.pendingBlock.ParentHash())
+	var remainingTx types.Transactions
+
+	blocks, _ := core.GenerateChain(b.config, parentBlock, ethash.NewFaker(), b.database, 1,
+		func(number int, block *core.BlockGen) {
+			for _, tx := range append(b.pendingBlock.Transactions(), b.stuckTransactions...) {
+				if b.marketGasPrice == nil || b.marketGasPrice.Cmp(tx.GasPrice()) <= 0 {
+					block.AddTxWithChain(b.blockchain, tx)
+				} else {
+					remainingTx = append(remainingTx, tx)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+
+	if _, err := b.blockchain.InsertChain([]*types.Block{blocks[0]}); err != nil {
 		panic(err) // This cannot happen unless the simulator is wrong, fail in that case
 	}
 	// Using the last inserted block here makes it possible to build on a side
 	// chain after a fork.
-	b.rollback(b.pendingBlock)
+	b.stuckTransactions = remainingTx
+	b.rollback(blocks[0])
 }
 
 // Rollback aborts all pending transactions, reverting to the last committed state.
@@ -127,7 +146,6 @@ func (b *SimulatedBackend) Rollback() {
 
 func (b *SimulatedBackend) rollback(parent *types.Block) {
 	blocks, _ := core.GenerateChain(b.config, parent, ethash.NewFaker(), b.database, 1, func(int, *core.BlockGen) {})
-
 	b.pendingBlock = blocks[0]
 	b.pendingState, _ = state.New(b.pendingBlock.Root(), b.blockchain.StateCache(), nil)
 }
@@ -210,6 +228,15 @@ func (b *SimulatedBackend) NonceAt(ctx context.Context, contract common.Address,
 	return stateDB.GetNonce(contract), nil
 }
 
+// SetMarketGasPrice sets the simulated blockchain's market gas price, which is
+// the minimum price point for the transaction to be committed to the simulated chain.
+func (b *SimulatedBackend) SetMarketGasPrice(gasPrice int64) {
+	b.mu.Lock()
+	defer b.mu.Unlock()
+
+	b.marketGasPrice = big.NewInt(gasPrice)
+}
+
 // StorageAt returns the value of key in the storage of an account in the blockchain.
 func (b *SimulatedBackend) StorageAt(ctx context.Context, contract common.Address, key common.Hash, blockNumber *big.Int) ([]byte, error) {
 	b.mu.Lock()
@@ -653,17 +680,30 @@ func (b *SimulatedBackend) SendTransaction(ctx context.Context, tx *types.Transa
 	if tx.Nonce() != nonce {
 		panic(fmt.Errorf("invalid transaction nonce: got %d, want %d", tx.Nonce(), nonce))
 	}
+	var remainingTxes types.Transactions
 	// Include tx in chain
 	blocks, _ := core.GenerateChain(b.config, block, ethash.NewFaker(), b.database, 1, func(number int, block *core.BlockGen) {
 		for _, tx := range b.pendingBlock.Transactions() {
+			// if market gas price is not set or tx gas price is lower than the set market gas price
+			if b.marketGasPrice == nil || b.marketGasPrice.Cmp(tx.GasPrice()) <= 0 {
+				block.AddTxWithChain(b.blockchain, tx)
+			} else {
+				remainingTxes = append(remainingTxes, tx)
+			}
+		}
+		if b.marketGasPrice == nil || b.marketGasPrice.Cmp(tx.GasPrice()) <= 0 {
 			block.AddTxWithChain(b.blockchain, tx)
+		} else {
+			remainingTxes = append(remainingTxes, tx)
 		}
-		block.AddTxWithChain(b.blockchain, tx)
 	})
+
 	stateDB, _ := b.blockchain.State()
 
 	b.pendingBlock = blocks[0]
 	b.pendingState, _ = state.New(b.pendingBlock.Root(), stateDB.Database(), nil)
+	b.stuckTransactions = remainingTxes
+
 	return nil
 }
 

accounts/abi/bind/backends/simulated_test.go

@@ -27,6 +27,9 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/abi"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/abi/bind"
@@ -1336,3 +1339,201 @@ func TestForkResendTx(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("TX included in wrong block: %d", h)
 	}
 }
+
+// TestLowGasTxNotBeingMined checks that the lower gas fee tx with same nonce does not get mined
+// Steps:
+// 1. Send a tx lower than the set market gas price
+// 2. Commit to chain, check nonce stays the same
+// 3. Send a tx meets the market gas price with same nonce.
+// 4. Commit to chain
+// 5. Check tx2 is not in pending state and nonce has increased
+func TestLowGasTxNotBeingMined(t *testing.T) {
+	testAddr := crypto.PubkeyToAddress(testKey.PublicKey)
+	var gas uint64 = 21000
+
+	sim := simTestBackend(testAddr)
+	defer sim.Close()
+
+	var testCases = []struct {
+		name     string
+		txType	 byte
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "LegacyTx",
+			txType: types.LegacyTxType,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "dynamicTx",
+			txType: types.DynamicFeeTxType,
+		},
+	}
+	for i, test := range testCases {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			bgCtx := context.Background()
+			// Create tx and send
+			head, _ := sim.HeaderByNumber(context.Background(), nil)
+			tip, err := sim.SuggestGasTipCap(bgCtx)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			gasPrice := new(big.Int).Add(head.BaseFee, tip)
+			sim.SetMarketGasPrice(int64(gasPrice.Uint64()))
+
+			lowFeeGas := new(big.Int).Sub(gasPrice, tip)
+			txValue := big.NewInt(1)
+
+			var lowGasFeeTx *types.Transaction
+
+			if test.txType == types.LegacyTxType {
+				lowGasFeeTx = types.NewTx(&types.LegacyTx{
+					Nonce:    uint64(i),
+					To:       &testAddr,
+					Value:    txValue,
+					GasPrice: lowFeeGas,
+					Gas:      gas,
+				})
+			} else if test.txType == types.DynamicFeeTxType {
+				lowGasFeeTx = types.NewTx(&types.DynamicFeeTx{
+					Nonce:     uint64(i),
+					Gas:       gas,
+					To:        &testAddr,
+					Value:     txValue,
+					GasTipCap: lowFeeGas,
+					GasFeeCap: lowFeeGas,
+				})
+			} else {
+				t.Fatal("unexpected txType received")
+			}
+
+			signedTx, err := types.SignTx(lowGasFeeTx, types.LatestSigner(sim.config), testKey)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// send tx to simulated backend
+			err = sim.SendTransaction(bgCtx, signedTx)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			sim.Commit()
+
+			// expect nonce be the same because low gas fee tx will not be mined
+			nonce, err := sim.PendingNonceAt(bgCtx, testAddr)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t,  uint64(i), nonce)
+
+			// send tx with higher gas fee
+			sufficientGasFeeTx := types.NewTx(&types.LegacyTx{
+				Nonce:    uint64(i),
+				To:       &testAddr,
+				Value:    txValue,
+				GasPrice: gasPrice,
+				Gas:      gas,
+			})
+
+			signedSufficientTx, err := types.SignTx(sufficientGasFeeTx, types.HomesteadSigner{}, testKey)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			err = sim.SendTransaction(bgCtx, signedSufficientTx)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			sim.Commit()
+
+			// the higher gas transaction should have been mined
+			_, isPending, err := sim.TransactionByHash(bgCtx, signedSufficientTx.Hash())
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.False(t, isPending)
+
+			// expect nonce has increased
+			nonce, err = sim.PendingNonceAt(bgCtx, testAddr)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, uint64(i) + 1, nonce)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestLowGasTxGetMinedOnceGasFeeDropped checks that lower gas fee txes still stay in mem pool
+// and get mined once gas fee requirement has been met
+// Steps:
+// 1. Send a tx lower than the set market gas price
+// 2. Commit to chain, tx does not get mined
+// 3. Gas fee drops, commit again
+// 4. Check tx get mined
+func TestLowGasTxGetMinedOnceGasFeeDropped(t *testing.T) {
+	var testCases = []struct {
+		name     string
+		txType	 byte
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "LegacyTx",
+			txType: types.LegacyTxType,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "dynamicTx",
+			txType: types.DynamicFeeTxType,
+		},
+	}
+	testAddr := crypto.PubkeyToAddress(testKey.PublicKey)
+	var gas uint64 = 21000
+
+	sim := simTestBackend(testAddr)
+	defer sim.Close()
+
+	for i, test := range testCases {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			bgCtx := context.Background()
+			// Create tx and send
+			head, _ := sim.HeaderByNumber(context.Background(), nil)
+			tip, err := sim.SuggestGasTipCap(bgCtx)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			normalGasPrice := new(big.Int).Add(head.BaseFee, tip)
+			highGasPrice := new(big.Int).Add(head.BaseFee, big.NewInt(5))
+
+			sim.SetMarketGasPrice(int64(highGasPrice.Uint64()))
+
+			var normalGasFeeTx *types.Transaction
+			txValue := big.NewInt(1)
+
+			if test.txType == types.LegacyTxType {
+				normalGasFeeTx = types.NewTx(&types.LegacyTx{
+					Nonce:    uint64(i),
+					To:       &testAddr,
+					Value:    txValue,
+					GasPrice: normalGasPrice,
+					Gas:      gas,
+				})
+			} else if test.txType == types.DynamicFeeTxType {
+				normalGasFeeTx = types.NewTx(&types.DynamicFeeTx{
+					Nonce:     uint64(i),
+					Gas:       gas,
+					To:        &testAddr,
+					Value:     txValue,
+					GasTipCap: normalGasPrice,
+					GasFeeCap: normalGasPrice,
+				})
+			} else {
+				t.Fatal("unexpected txType received")
+			}
+
+			signedTx, err := types.SignTx(normalGasFeeTx, types.LatestSigner(sim.config), testKey)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// send tx to simulated backend
+			err = sim.SendTransaction(bgCtx, signedTx)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			sim.Commit()
+
+			// check that the nonce stays the same because nothing has been mined
+			pendingNonce, err := sim.PendingNonceAt(bgCtx, testAddr)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, uint64(i), pendingNonce)
+
+			// gas fee has dropped
+			sim.SetMarketGasPrice(int64(normalGasPrice.Uint64()))
+			sim.Commit()
+
+			// nonce has increased
+			pendingNonce, err = sim.PendingNonceAt(bgCtx, testAddr)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, uint64(i) + 1, pendingNonce)
+
+			// the transaction should have been mined
+			_, isPending, err := sim.TransactionByHash(bgCtx, signedTx.Hash())
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.False(t, isPending)
+		})
+	}
+}