CLD3 is a neural network model for language identification. This package contains the inference code and a trained model. The inference code extracts character ngrams from the input text and computes the fraction of times each of them appears. For example, as shown in the figure below, if the input text is "banana", then one of the extracted trigrams is "ana" and the corresponding fraction is 2/4. The ngrams are hashed down to an id within a small range, and each id is represented by a dense embedding vector estimated during training.
The model averages the embeddings corresponding to each ngram type according to the fractions, and the averaged embeddings are concatenated to produce the embedding layer. The remaining components of the network are a hidden (Rectified linear) layer and a softmax layer.
To get a language prediction for the input text, we simply perform a forward pass through the network.
The model outputs BCP-47-style language codes, shown in the table below. For some languages, output is differentiated by script. Language and script names from Unicode CLDR.
| Output Code | Language Name | Script Name |
|---|---|---|
| af | Afrikaans | Latin |
| am | Amharic | Ethiopic |
| ar | Arabic | Arabic |
| bg | Bulgarian | Cyrillic |
| bg-Latn | Bulgarian | Latin |
| bn | Bangla | Bangla |
| bs | Bosnian | Latin |
| ca | Catalan | Latin |
| ceb | Cebuano | Latin |
| co | Corsican | Latin |
| cs | Czech | Latin |
| cy | Welsh | Latin |
| da | Danish | Latin |
| de | German | Latin |
| el | Greek | Greek |
| el-Latn | Greek | Latin |
| en | English | Latin |
| eo | Esperanto | Latin |
| es | Spanish | Latin |
| et | Estonian | Latin |
| eu | Basque | Latin |
| fa | Persian | Arabic |
| fi | Finnish | Latin |
| fil | Filipino | Latin |
| fr | French | Latin |
| fy | Western Frisian | Latin |
| ga | Irish | Latin |
| gd | Scottish Gaelic | Latin |
| gl | Galician | Latin |
| gu | Gujarati | Gujarati |
| ha | Hausa | Latin |
| haw | Hawaiian | Latin |
| hi | Hindi | Devanagari |
| hi-Latn | Hindi | Latin |
| hmn | Hmong | Latin |
| hr | Croatian | Latin |
| ht | Haitian Creole | Latin |
| hu | Hungarian | Latin |
| hy | Armenian | Armenian |
| id | Indonesian | Latin |
| ig | Igbo | Latin |
| is | Icelandic | Latin |
| it | Italian | Latin |
| iw | Hebrew | Hebrew |
| ja | Japanese | Japanese |
| ja-Latn | Japanese | Latin |
| jv | Javanese | Latin |
| ka | Georgian | Georgian |
| kk | Kazakh | Cyrillic |
| km | Khmer | Khmer |
| kn | Kannada | Kannada |
| ko | Korean | Korean |
| ku | Kurdish | Latin |
| ky | Kyrgyz | Cyrillic |
| la | Latin | Latin |
| lb | Luxembourgish | Latin |
| lo | Lao | Lao |
| lt | Lithuanian | Latin |
| lv | Latvian | Latin |
| mg | Malagasy | Latin |
| mi | Maori | Latin |
| mk | Macedonian | Cyrillic |
| ml | Malayalam | Malayalam |
| mn | Mongolian | Cyrillic |
| mr | Marathi | Devanagari |
| ms | Malay | Latin |
| mt | Maltese | Latin |
| my | Burmese | Myanmar |
| ne | Nepali | Devanagari |
| nl | Dutch | Latin |
| no | Norwegian | Latin |
| ny | Nyanja | Latin |
| pa | Punjabi | Gurmukhi |
| pl | Polish | Latin |
| ps | Pashto | Arabic |
| pt | Portuguese | Latin |
| ro | Romanian | Latin |
| ru | Russian | Cyrillic |
| ru-Latn | Russian | English |
| sd | Sindhi | Arabic |
| si | Sinhala | Sinhala |
| sk | Slovak | Latin |
| sl | Slovenian | Latin |
| sm | Samoan | Latin |
| sn | Shona | Latin |
| so | Somali | Latin |
| sq | Albanian | Latin |
| sr | Serbian | Cyrillic |
| st | Southern Sotho | Latin |
| su | Sundanese | Latin |
| sv | Swedish | Latin |
| sw | Swahili | Latin |
| ta | Tamil | Tamil |
| te | Telugu | Telugu |
| tg | Tajik | Cyrillic |
| th | Thai | Thai |
| tr | Turkish | Latin |
| uk | Ukrainian | Cyrillic |
| ur | Urdu | Arabic |
| uz | Uzbek | Latin |
| vi | Vietnamese | Latin |
| xh | Xhosa | Latin |
| yi | Yiddish | Hebrew |
| yo | Yoruba | Latin |
| zh | Chinese | Han (including Simplified and Traditional) |
| zh-Latn | Chinese | Latin |
| zu | Zulu | Latin |
CLD3 is designed to run in the Chrome browser, so it relies on code in Chromium. The steps for building and running the demo of the language detection model are:
- check out the Chromium repository.
- copy the code to
//third_party/cld_3 - Uncomment
language_identifier_mainexecutable insrc/BUILD.gn. - build and run the model using the commands:
gn gen out/Default
ninja -C out/Default third_party/cld_3/src/src:language_identifier_main
out/Default/language_identifier_mainOpen a GitHub issue for this repository to file bugs and feature requests.
For announcements regarding major updates as well as general discussion list, please subscribe to: cld3-users@googlegroups.com
Original authors of the code in this package include (in alphabetical order):
- Alex Salcianu
- Andy Golding
- Anton Bakalov
- Chris Alberti
- Daniel Andor
- David Weiss
- Emily Pitler
- Greg Coppola
- Jason Riesa
- Kuzman Ganchev
- Michael Ringgaard
- Nan Hua
- Ryan McDonald
- Slav Petrov
- Stefan Istrate
- Terry Koo