Add ruff fast linter and formatter

[tleonhardt]

Add ruff extremely fast linter and formatter and use it to replace the combination of black, isort, and flake8 in our GitHub Actions Continuous Integration.

The vast majority of changes in this CR were very minor and mostly whitespace in nature that were made automatically by the ruff auto-formatter and/or ruff linter auto-fixer.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 98.54%. Comparing base (ff46021) to head (f233e44).
Report is 12 commits behind head on master.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #1336      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   97.72%   98.54%   +0.82%     
==========================================
  Files          22       22              
  Lines        5753     5792      +39     
==========================================
+ Hits         5622     5708      +86     
+ Misses        131       84      -47     

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