Improve error handling for dataclass inheritance (#13531)

This pull request:

1.  Fixes #8334. Overriding a dataclass attribute with a method or
    property now results in an error message, not a crash.

    (Overriding an attribute with a non-attribute at runtime will
    result in either inconsistent behavior or an exception, so
    I think unconditionally disallowing this is fine.)

2.  Makes mypy report an error if you try subclassing a frozen
    dataclass with a non-frozen one or vice versa. Attempting to
    do this subclassing at runtime will raise a TypeError.

mypy/plugins/dataclasses.py

@@ -244,10 +244,20 @@ def transform(self) -> bool:
                     tvar_def=order_tvar_def,
                 )
 
+        parent_decorator_arguments = []
+        for parent in info.mro[1:-1]:
+            parent_args = parent.metadata.get("dataclass")
+            if parent_args:
+                parent_decorator_arguments.append(parent_args)
+
         if decorator_arguments["frozen"]:
+            if any(not parent["frozen"] for parent in parent_decorator_arguments):
+                ctx.api.fail("Cannot inherit frozen dataclass from a non-frozen one", info)
             self._propertize_callables(attributes, settable=False)
             self._freeze(attributes)
         else:
+            if any(parent["frozen"] for parent in parent_decorator_arguments):
+                ctx.api.fail("Cannot inherit non-frozen dataclass from a frozen one", info)
             self._propertize_callables(attributes)
 
         if decorator_arguments["slots"]:
@@ -463,6 +473,7 @@ def collect_attributes(self) -> list[DataclassAttribute] | None:
         # copy() because we potentially modify all_attrs below and if this code requires debugging
         # we'll have unmodified attrs laying around.
         all_attrs = attrs.copy()
+        known_super_attrs = set()
         for info in cls.info.mro[1:-1]:
             if "dataclass_tag" in info.metadata and "dataclass" not in info.metadata:
                 # We haven't processed the base class yet. Need another pass.
@@ -484,6 +495,7 @@ def collect_attributes(self) -> list[DataclassAttribute] | None:
                     with state.strict_optional_set(ctx.api.options.strict_optional):
                         attr.expand_typevar_from_subtype(ctx.cls.info)
                     known_attrs.add(name)
+                    known_super_attrs.add(name)
                     super_attrs.append(attr)
                 elif all_attrs:
                     # How early in the attribute list an attribute appears is determined by the
@@ -498,6 +510,14 @@ def collect_attributes(self) -> list[DataclassAttribute] | None:
             all_attrs = super_attrs + all_attrs
             all_attrs.sort(key=lambda a: a.kw_only)
 
+        for known_super_attr_name in known_super_attrs:
+            sym_node = cls.info.names.get(known_super_attr_name)
+            if sym_node and sym_node.node and not isinstance(sym_node.node, Var):
+                ctx.api.fail(
+                    "Dataclass attribute may only be overridden by another attribute",
+                    sym_node.node,
+                )
+
         # Ensure that arguments without a default don't follow
         # arguments that have a default.
         found_default = False
@@ -532,8 +552,8 @@ def _freeze(self, attributes: list[DataclassAttribute]) -> None:
             sym_node = info.names.get(attr.name)
             if sym_node is not None:
                 var = sym_node.node
-                assert isinstance(var, Var)
-                var.is_property = True
+                if isinstance(var, Var):
+                    var.is_property = True
             else:
                 var = attr.to_var()
                 var.info = info

test-data/unit/check-dataclasses.test

@@ -187,6 +187,66 @@ reveal_type(C)  # N: Revealed type is "def (some_int: builtins.int, some_str: bu
 
 [builtins fixtures/dataclasses.pyi]
 
+[case testDataclassIncompatibleOverrides]
+# flags: --python-version 3.7
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+@dataclass
+class Base:
+    foo: int
+
+@dataclass
+class BadDerived1(Base):
+    def foo(self) -> int:  # E: Dataclass attribute may only be overridden by another attribute \
+                           # E: Signature of "foo" incompatible with supertype "Base"
+        return 1
+
+@dataclass
+class BadDerived2(Base):
+    @property              # E: Dataclass attribute may only be overridden by another attribute
+    def foo(self) -> int:  # E: Cannot override writeable attribute with read-only property
+        return 2
+
+@dataclass
+class BadDerived3(Base):
+    class foo: pass  # E: Dataclass attribute may only be overridden by another attribute
+[builtins fixtures/dataclasses.pyi]
+
+[case testDataclassMultipleInheritance]
+# flags: --python-version 3.7
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+class Unrelated:
+    foo: str
+
+@dataclass
+class Base:
+    bar: int
+
+@dataclass
+class Derived(Base, Unrelated):
+    pass
+
+d = Derived(3)
+reveal_type(d.foo)  # N: Revealed type is "builtins.str"
+reveal_type(d.bar)  # N: Revealed type is "builtins.int"
+[builtins fixtures/dataclasses.pyi]
+
+[case testDataclassIncompatibleFrozenOverride]
+# flags: --python-version 3.7
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Base:
+    foo: int
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class BadDerived(Base):
+    @property  # E: Dataclass attribute may only be overridden by another attribute
+    def foo(self) -> int:
+        return 3
+[builtins fixtures/dataclasses.pyi]
+
 [case testDataclassesFreezing]
 # flags: --python-version 3.7
 from dataclasses import dataclass
@@ -200,6 +260,28 @@ john.name = 'Ben'  # E: Property "name" defined in "Person" is read-only
 
 [builtins fixtures/dataclasses.pyi]
 
+[case testDataclassesInconsistentFreezing]
+# flags: --python-version 3.7
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class FrozenBase:
+    pass
+
+@dataclass
+class BadNormalDerived(FrozenBase):  # E: Cannot inherit non-frozen dataclass from a frozen one
+    pass
+
+@dataclass
+class NormalBase:
+    pass
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class BadFrozenDerived(NormalBase):  # E: Cannot inherit frozen dataclass from a non-frozen one
+    pass
+
+[builtins fixtures/dataclasses.pyi]
+
 [case testDataclassesFields]
 # flags: --python-version 3.7
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
@@ -1283,9 +1365,9 @@ from dataclasses import dataclass
 class A:
     foo: int
 
-@dataclass
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
 class B(A):
-    @property
+    @property  # E: Dataclass attribute may only be overridden by another attribute
     def foo(self) -> int: pass
 
 reveal_type(B)  # N: Revealed type is "def (foo: builtins.int) -> __main__.B"