tests/polaris: use curl to query polaris catalog health check

[mmaslankaprv]

Using curl which executes on the node where Polaris server runs so no additional ports have to be open.

Fixes: CORE-8338

Backports Required

• none - not a bug fix
• none - this is a backport
• none - issue does not exist in previous branches
• none - papercut/not impactful enough to backport
• v24.3.x
• v24.2.x
• v24.1.x

Release Notes

• none

[rockwotj]

We need the same for RPCN right?

[mmaslankaprv]

We need the same for RPCN right?

For connect we need the port opened to communicate with it

[vbotbuildovich]

Retry command for Build#59814

please wait until all jobs are finished before running the slash command

/ci-repeat 1
tests/rptest/tests/cloud_retention_test.py::CloudRetentionTest.test_cloud_retention@{"cloud_storage_type":2,"max_consume_rate_mb":null}

[vbotbuildovich]

CI test results

test results on build#59814

test_id	test_kind	job_url	test_status	passed
rptest.tests.cloud_retention_test.CloudRetentionTest.test_cloud_retention.max_consume_rate_mb=None.cloud_storage_type=CloudStorageType.ABS	ducktape	https://buildkite.com/redpanda/redpanda/builds/59814#0193d093-bec3-47e3-be05-fd19786b6762	FAIL	0/6
rptest.tests.datalake.partition_movement_test.PartitionMovementTest.test_cross_core_movements.cloud_storage_type=CloudStorageType.S3	ducktape	https://buildkite.com/redpanda/redpanda/builds/59814#0193d093-bec5-43eb-a10b-85900737e8ac	FLAKY	2/6

[bharathv]

/cdt
dt-repeat=5
tests/rptest/tests/polaris_catalog_smoke_test.py

[vbotbuildovich]

/backport v24.3.x