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Auto merge of rust-lang#93457 - matthiaskrgr:rollup-e43ry1l, r=matthi…
…askrgr Rollup of 8 pull requests Successful merges: - rust-lang#88205 (Add Explanation For Error E0772) - rust-lang#92274 (Add `intrinsics::const_deallocate`) - rust-lang#93236 (Make `NonNull::new` `const`) - rust-lang#93299 (Fix dot separator when there is no source link) - rust-lang#93410 (kmc-solid: Implement `net::FileDesc::duplicate`) - rust-lang#93424 (fix nit) - rust-lang#93431 (remove unused `jemallocator` crate) - rust-lang#93453 (Add GUI theme change test) Failed merges: r? `@ghost` `@rustbot` modify labels: rollup
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Original file line number | Diff line number | Diff line change |
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@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ | ||
A trait object has some specific lifetime `'1`, but it was used in a way that | ||
requires it to have a `'static` lifetime. | ||
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Example of erroneous code: | ||
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```compile_fail,E0772 | ||
trait BooleanLike {} | ||
trait Person {} | ||
impl BooleanLike for bool {} | ||
impl dyn Person { | ||
fn is_cool(&self) -> bool { | ||
// hey you, you're pretty cool | ||
true | ||
} | ||
} | ||
fn get_is_cool<'p>(person: &'p dyn Person) -> impl BooleanLike { | ||
// error: `person` has an anonymous lifetime `'p` but calling | ||
// `print_cool_fn` introduces an implicit `'static` lifetime | ||
// requirement | ||
person.is_cool() | ||
} | ||
``` | ||
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The trait object `person` in the function `get_is_cool`, while already being | ||
behind a reference with lifetime `'p`, also has it's own implicit lifetime, | ||
`'2`. | ||
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Lifetime `'2` represents the data the trait object might hold inside, for | ||
example: | ||
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``` | ||
trait MyTrait {} | ||
struct MyStruct<'a>(&'a i32); | ||
impl<'a> MyTrait for MyStruct<'a> {} | ||
``` | ||
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With this scenario, if a trait object of `dyn MyTrait + '2` was made from | ||
`MyStruct<'a>`, `'a` must live as long, if not longer than `'2`. This allows the | ||
trait object's internal data to be accessed safely from any trait methods. This | ||
rule also goes for any lifetime any struct made into a trait object may have. | ||
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In the implementation for `dyn Person`, the `'2` lifetime representing the | ||
internal data was ommitted, meaning that the compiler inferred the lifetime | ||
`'static`. As a result, the implementation's `is_cool` is inferred by the | ||
compiler to look like this: | ||
|
||
``` | ||
# trait Person {} | ||
# | ||
# impl dyn Person { | ||
fn is_cool<'a>(self: &'a (dyn Person + 'static)) -> bool {unimplemented!()} | ||
# } | ||
``` | ||
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While the `get_is_cool` function is inferred to look like this: | ||
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``` | ||
# trait Person {} | ||
# trait BooleanLike {} | ||
# | ||
fn get_is_cool<'p, R: BooleanLike>(person: &'p (dyn Person + 'p)) -> R { | ||
unimplemented!() | ||
} | ||
``` | ||
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Which brings us to the core of the problem; the assignment of type | ||
`&'_ (dyn Person + '_)` to type `&'_ (dyn Person + 'static)` is impossible. | ||
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Fixing it is as simple as being generic over lifetime `'2`, as to prevent the | ||
compiler from inferring it as `'static`: | ||
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``` | ||
# trait Person {} | ||
# | ||
impl<'d> dyn Person + 'd {/* ... */} | ||
// This works too, and is more elegant: | ||
//impl dyn Person + '_ {/* ... */} | ||
``` | ||
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See the [Rust Reference on Trait Object Lifetime Bounds][trait-objects] for | ||
more information on trait object lifetimes. | ||
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||
[trait-object-lifetime-bounds]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/types/trait-object.html#trait-object-lifetime-bounds |
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