Upgrade to Rust 1.81

.github/workflows/main.yml

@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ jobs:
     - name: Install Rust
       run: |
         rustup set profile minimal
-        rustup toolchain install 1.79 -c rust-docs
-        rustup default 1.79
+        rustup toolchain install 1.81 -c rust-docs
+        rustup default 1.81
     - name: Install mdbook
       run: |
         mkdir bin
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ jobs:
     - name: Install Rust
       run: |
         rustup set profile minimal
-        rustup toolchain install 1.79 -c rust-docs
-        rustup default 1.79
+        rustup toolchain install 1.81 -c rust-docs
+        rustup default 1.81
     - name: Run `tools` package tests
       run: |
         cargo test

listings/ch02-guessing-game-tutorial/listing-02-04/output.txt

@@ -1,4 +1,10 @@
 $ cargo build
+ Downloading crates ...
+  Downloaded rand_core v0.6.2
+  Downloaded getrandom v0.2.2
+  Downloaded rand_chacha v0.3.0
+  Downloaded ppv-lite86 v0.2.10
+  Downloaded libc v0.2.86
    Compiling libc v0.2.86
    Compiling getrandom v0.2.2
    Compiling cfg-if v1.0.0
@@ -18,7 +24,7 @@ error[E0308]: mismatched types
    = note: expected reference `&String`
               found reference `&{integer}`
 note: method defined here
-  --> /rustc/129f3b9964af4d4a709d1383930ade12dfe7c081/library/core/src/cmp.rs:840:8
+  --> /rustc/eeb90cda1969383f56a2637cbd3037bdf598841c/library/core/src/cmp.rs:839:8
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0308`.
 error: could not compile `guessing_game` (bin "guessing_game") due to 1 previous error

listings/ch03-common-programming-concepts/no-listing-01-variables-are-immutable/output.txt

@@ -4,13 +4,15 @@ error[E0384]: cannot assign twice to immutable variable `x`
  --> src/main.rs:4:5
   |
 2 |     let x = 5;
-  |         -
-  |         |
-  |         first assignment to `x`
-  |         help: consider making this binding mutable: `mut x`
+  |         - first assignment to `x`
 3 |     println!("The value of x is: {x}");
 4 |     x = 6;
   |     ^^^^^ cannot assign twice to immutable variable
+  |
+help: consider making this binding mutable
+  |
+2 |     let mut x = 5;
+  |         +++
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0384`.
 error: could not compile `variables` (bin "variables") due to 1 previous error

listings/ch06-enums-and-pattern-matching/no-listing-07-cant-use-option-directly/output.txt

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ error[E0277]: cannot add `Option<i8>` to `i8`
   |
   = help: the trait `Add<Option<i8>>` is not implemented for `i8`
   = help: the following other types implement trait `Add<Rhs>`:
-            <&'a i8 as Add<i8>>
-            <&i8 as Add<&i8>>
-            <i8 as Add<&i8>>
-            <i8 as Add>
+            `&'a i8` implements `Add<i8>`
+            `&i8` implements `Add<&i8>`
+            `i8` implements `Add<&i8>`
+            `i8` implements `Add`
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0277`.
 error: could not compile `enums` (bin "enums") due to 1 previous error

listings/ch06-enums-and-pattern-matching/no-listing-10-non-exhaustive-match/output.txt

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ error[E0004]: non-exhaustive patterns: `None` not covered
   |               ^ pattern `None` not covered
   |
 note: `Option<i32>` defined here
- --> /rustc/129f3b9964af4d4a709d1383930ade12dfe7c081/library/core/src/option.rs:571:1
- ::: /rustc/129f3b9964af4d4a709d1383930ade12dfe7c081/library/core/src/option.rs:575:5
+ --> /rustc/eeb90cda1969383f56a2637cbd3037bdf598841c/library/core/src/option.rs:574:1
+ ::: /rustc/eeb90cda1969383f56a2637cbd3037bdf598841c/library/core/src/option.rs:578:5
   |
   = note: not covered
   = note: the matched value is of type `Option<i32>`

listings/ch09-error-handling/listing-09-10/output.txt

@@ -9,6 +9,14 @@ error[E0277]: the `?` operator can only be used in a function that returns `Resu
   |                                                ^ cannot use the `?` operator in a function that returns `()`
   |
   = help: the trait `FromResidual<Result<Infallible, std::io::Error>>` is not implemented for `()`
+help: consider adding return type
+  |
+3 ~ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+4 |     let greeting_file = File::open("hello.txt")?;
+5 + 
+6 +     Ok(())
+7 + }
+  |
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0277`.
 error: could not compile `error-handling` (bin "error-handling") due to 1 previous error

listings/ch13-functional-features/listing-13-04/output.txt

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 $ cargo run
      Locking 1 package to latest compatible version
-      Adding closure-example v0.1.0 (/Users/carolnichols/rust/book/tmp/listings/ch13-functional-features/listing-13-04)
+      Adding closure-example v0.1.0 (/Users/chris/dev/rust-lang/book/tmp/listings/ch13-functional-features/listing-13-04)
    Compiling closure-example v0.1.0 (file:///projects/closure-example)
     Finished `dev` profile [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.43s
      Running `target/debug/closure-example`

listings/ch13-functional-features/listing-13-05/output.txt

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 $ cargo run
      Locking 1 package to latest compatible version
-      Adding closure-example v0.1.0 (/Users/carolnichols/rust/book/tmp/listings/ch13-functional-features/listing-13-05)
+      Adding closure-example v0.1.0 (/Users/chris/dev/rust-lang/book/tmp/listings/ch13-functional-features/listing-13-05)
    Compiling closure-example v0.1.0 (file:///projects/closure-example)
     Finished `dev` profile [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.43s
      Running `target/debug/closure-example`

listings/ch15-smart-pointers/listing-15-21/output.txt

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ help: consider changing this to be a mutable reference in the `impl` method and
    |
 2  ~     fn send(&mut self, msg: &str);
 3  | }
- ...
+...
 56 |     impl Messenger for MockMessenger {
 57 ~         fn send(&mut self, message: &str) {
    |

listings/ch16-fearless-concurrency/listing-16-14/output.txt

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ note: required because it's used within this closure
 11 |         let handle = thread::spawn(move || {
    |                                    ^^^^^^^
 note: required by a bound in `spawn`
-  --> /rustc/129f3b9964af4d4a709d1383930ade12dfe7c081/library/std/src/thread/mod.rs:691:1
+  --> /rustc/eeb90cda1969383f56a2637cbd3037bdf598841c/library/std/src/thread/mod.rs:688:1
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0277`.
 error: could not compile `shared-state` (bin "shared-state") due to 1 previous error

listings/ch19-advanced-features/no-listing-18-returns-closure/output.txt

@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@ error[E0746]: return type cannot have an unboxed trait object
 1 | fn returns_closure() -> dyn Fn(i32) -> i32 {
   |                         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ doesn't have a size known at compile-time
   |
-help: return an `impl Trait` instead of a `dyn Trait`, if all returned values are the same type
+help: consider returning an `impl Trait` instead of a `dyn Trait`
   |
 1 | fn returns_closure() -> impl Fn(i32) -> i32 {
   |                         ~~~~
-help: box the return type, and wrap all of the returned values in `Box::new`
+help: alternatively, box the return type, and wrap all of the returned values in `Box::new`
   |
 1 ~ fn returns_closure() -> Box<dyn Fn(i32) -> i32> {
 2 ~     Box::new(|x| x + 1)

listings/ch20-web-server/listing-20-22/output.txt

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ error[E0507]: cannot move out of `worker.thread` which is behind a mutable refer
    |             move occurs because `worker.thread` has type `JoinHandle<()>`, which does not implement the `Copy` trait
    |
 note: `JoinHandle::<T>::join` takes ownership of the receiver `self`, which moves `worker.thread`
-  --> /rustc/129f3b9964af4d4a709d1383930ade12dfe7c081/library/std/src/thread/mod.rs:1718:17
+  --> /rustc/eeb90cda1969383f56a2637cbd3037bdf598841c/library/std/src/thread/mod.rs:1778:17
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0507`.
 error: could not compile `hello` (lib) due to 1 previous error

listings/ch20-web-server/no-listing-04-update-worker-definition/output.txt

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ error[E0599]: no method named `join` found for enum `Option` in the current scop
    |                           ^^^^ method not found in `Option<JoinHandle<()>>`
    |
 note: the method `join` exists on the type `JoinHandle<()>`
-  --> /rustc/129f3b9964af4d4a709d1383930ade12dfe7c081/library/std/src/thread/mod.rs:1718:5
+  --> /rustc/eeb90cda1969383f56a2637cbd3037bdf598841c/library/std/src/thread/mod.rs:1778:5
 help: consider using `Option::expect` to unwrap the `JoinHandle<()>` value, panicking if the value is an `Option::None`
    |
 52 |             worker.thread.expect("REASON").join().unwrap();

packages/tools/src/bin/release_listings.rs

@@ -28,26 +28,59 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
         let chapter = chapter?;
         let chapter_path = chapter.path();
 
+        if !chapter_path.is_dir() {
+            eprintln!(
+                "'{}' is not a directory, skipping",
+                chapter_path.display()
+            );
+            continue;
+        }
+
         let chapter_name = chapter_path
             .file_name()
             .expect("Chapter should've had a name");
 
         // Create a corresponding chapter dir in `tmp/listings`
         let output_chapter_path = out_dir.join(chapter_name);
-        fs::create_dir(&output_chapter_path)?;
+        fs::create_dir(&output_chapter_path).map_err(|e| {
+            format!(
+                "could not create dir at '{}': {e}",
+                output_chapter_path.display()
+            )
+        })?;
 
         // For each listing in the chapter directory,
-        for listing in fs::read_dir(chapter_path)? {
-            let listing = listing?;
+        for listing in fs::read_dir(&chapter_path).map_err(|e| {
+            format!("Could not read '{}': {e}", chapter_path.display())
+        })? {
+            let listing = listing.map_err(|e| {
+                format!(
+                    "bad dir entry listing in {}: {e}",
+                    chapter_path.display()
+                )
+            })?;
             let listing_path = listing.path();
 
+            if !listing_path.is_dir() {
+                eprintln!(
+                    "'{}' is not a directory, skipping",
+                    chapter_path.display()
+                );
+                continue;
+            }
+
             let listing_name = listing_path
                 .file_name()
                 .expect("Listing should've had a name");
 
             // Create a corresponding listing dir in the tmp chapter dir
             let output_listing_dir = output_chapter_path.join(listing_name);
-            fs::create_dir(&output_listing_dir)?;
+            fs::create_dir(&output_listing_dir).map_err(|e| {
+                format!(
+                    "could not create dir '{}': {e}",
+                    output_listing_dir.display()
+                )
+            })?;
 
             // Copy all the cleaned files in the listing to the tmp directory
             copy_cleaned_listing_files(listing_path, output_listing_dir)?;
@@ -79,8 +112,12 @@ fn copy_cleaned_listing_files(
     from: PathBuf,
     to: PathBuf,
 ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
-    for item in fs::read_dir(from)? {
-        let item = item?;
+    for item in fs::read_dir(&from).map_err(|e| {
+        format!("Could not read_dir on '{}': {e}", from.display())
+    })? {
+        let item = item.map_err(|e| {
+            format!("invalid dir entry in {}: {e}", from.display())
+        })?;
         let item_path = item.path();
 
         let item_name =
@@ -90,7 +127,12 @@ fn copy_cleaned_listing_files(
         if item_path.is_dir() {
             // Don't copy `target` directories
             if item_name != "target" {
-                fs::create_dir(&output_item)?;
+                fs::create_dir(&output_item).map_err(|e| {
+                    format!(
+                        "Could not create output directory '{}': {e}",
+                        output_item.display()
+                    )
+                })?;
                 copy_cleaned_listing_files(item_path, output_item)?;
             }
         } else {
@@ -105,7 +147,13 @@ fn copy_cleaned_listing_files(
                     )?;
                 } else {
                     // Copy any non-Rust files without modification
-                    fs::copy(item_path, output_item)?;
+                    fs::copy(&item_path, &output_item).map_err(|e| {
+                        format!(
+                            "Could not copy from '{}' to '{}': {e}",
+                            item_path.display(),
+                            output_item.display()
+                        )
+                    })?;
                 }
             }
         }

rust-toolchain

@@ -1 +1 @@
-1.79
+1.81

src/title-page.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 *by Steve Klabnik and Carol Nichols, with contributions from the Rust Community*
 
-This version of the text assumes you’re using Rust 1.79.0 (released 2024-06-13)
+This version of the text assumes you’re using Rust 1.81.0 (released 2024-09-04)
 or later. See the [“Installation” section of Chapter 1][install]<!-- ignore -->
 to install or update Rust.