Auto merge of #113199 - b-naber:slice-pattern-type-inference, r=lcnr

Infer type in irrefutable slice patterns with fixed length as array

Fixes #76342

In irrefutable slice patterns with a fixed length, we can infer the type as an array type. We now choose to prefer some implementations over others, e.g. in:

```
struct Zeroes;

const ARR: [usize; 2] = [0; 2];
const ARR2: [usize; 2] = [2; 2];

impl Into<&'static [usize; 2]> for Zeroes {
    fn into(self) -> &'static [usize; 2] {
        &ARR
    }
}

impl Into<&'static [usize]> for Zeroes {
    fn into(self) -> &'static [usize] {
        &ARR2
    }
}

fn main() {
    let &[a, b] = Zeroes.into();
}
```

We now prefer the impl candidate `impl Into<&'static [usize; 2]> for Zeroes`, it's not entirely clear to me that this is correct, but given that the slice impl would require a type annotation anyway, this doesn't seem unreasonable.

r? `@lcnr`

compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/_match.rs

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         // #55810: Type check patterns first so we get types for all bindings.
         let scrut_span = scrut.span.find_ancestor_inside(expr.span).unwrap_or(scrut.span);
         for arm in arms {
-            self.check_pat_top(&arm.pat, scrutinee_ty, Some(scrut_span), Some(scrut));
+            self.check_pat_top(&arm.pat, scrutinee_ty, Some(scrut_span), Some(scrut), None);
         }
 
         // Now typecheck the blocks.

compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/check.rs

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ pub(super) fn check_fn<'a, 'tcx>(
     for (idx, (param_ty, param)) in inputs_fn.chain(maybe_va_list).zip(body.params).enumerate() {
         // Check the pattern.
         let ty_span = try { inputs_hir?.get(idx)?.span };
-        fcx.check_pat_top(&param.pat, param_ty, ty_span, None);
+        fcx.check_pat_top(&param.pat, param_ty, ty_span, None, None);
 
         // Check that argument is Sized.
         if !params_can_be_unsized {

compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/checks.rs

@@ -1463,11 +1463,11 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         };
 
         // Type check the pattern. Override if necessary to avoid knock-on errors.
-        self.check_pat_top(&decl.pat, decl_ty, ty_span, origin_expr);
+        self.check_pat_top(&decl.pat, decl_ty, ty_span, origin_expr, Some(decl.origin));
         let pat_ty = self.node_ty(decl.pat.hir_id);
         self.overwrite_local_ty_if_err(decl.hir_id, decl.pat, pat_ty);
 
-        if let Some(blk) = decl.els {
+        if let Some(blk) = decl.origin.try_get_else() {
             let previous_diverges = self.diverges.get();
             let else_ty = self.check_block_with_expected(blk, NoExpectation);
             let cause = self.cause(blk.span, ObligationCauseCode::LetElse);

compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/gather_locals.rs

@@ -9,6 +9,26 @@ use rustc_span::def_id::LocalDefId;
 use rustc_span::Span;
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits;
 
+/// Provides context for checking patterns in declarations. More specifically this
+/// allows us to infer array types if the pattern is irrefutable and allows us to infer
+/// the size of the array. See issue #76342.
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
+pub(super) enum DeclOrigin<'a> {
+    // from an `if let` expression
+    LetExpr,
+    // from `let x = ..`
+    LocalDecl { els: Option<&'a hir::Block<'a>> },
+}
+
+impl<'a> DeclOrigin<'a> {
+    pub(super) fn try_get_else(&self) -> Option<&'a hir::Block<'a>> {
+        match self {
+            Self::LocalDecl { els } => *els,
+            Self::LetExpr => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// A declaration is an abstraction of [hir::Local] and [hir::Let].
 ///
 /// It must have a hir_id, as this is how we connect gather_locals to the check functions.
@@ -18,20 +38,20 @@ pub(super) struct Declaration<'a> {
     pub ty: Option<&'a hir::Ty<'a>>,
     pub span: Span,
     pub init: Option<&'a hir::Expr<'a>>,
-    pub els: Option<&'a hir::Block<'a>>,
+    pub origin: DeclOrigin<'a>,
 }
 
 impl<'a> From<&'a hir::Local<'a>> for Declaration<'a> {
     fn from(local: &'a hir::Local<'a>) -> Self {
         let hir::Local { hir_id, pat, ty, span, init, els, source: _ } = *local;
-        Declaration { hir_id, pat, ty, span, init, els }
+        Declaration { hir_id, pat, ty, span, init, origin: DeclOrigin::LocalDecl { els } }
     }
 }
 
 impl<'a> From<&'a hir::Let<'a>> for Declaration<'a> {
     fn from(let_expr: &'a hir::Let<'a>) -> Self {
         let hir::Let { hir_id, pat, ty, span, init } = *let_expr;
-        Declaration { hir_id, pat, ty, span, init: Some(init), els: None }
+        Declaration { hir_id, pat, ty, span, init: Some(init), origin: DeclOrigin::LetExpr }
     }
 }