Rollup of 17 pull requests

src/bootstrap/bootstrap.py

@@ -59,20 +59,33 @@ def delete_if_present(path, verbose):
 
 
 def download(path, url, probably_big, verbose):
+    for x in range(0, 4):
+        try:
+            _download(path, url, probably_big, verbose, True)
+            return
+        except RuntimeError:
+            print("\nspurious failure, trying again")
+    _download(path, url, probably_big, verbose, False)
+
+
+def _download(path, url, probably_big, verbose, exception):
     if probably_big or verbose:
         print("downloading {}".format(url))
     # see http://serverfault.com/questions/301128/how-to-download
     if sys.platform == 'win32':
         run(["PowerShell.exe", "/nologo", "-Command",
              "(New-Object System.Net.WebClient)"
              ".DownloadFile('{}', '{}')".format(url, path)],
-            verbose=verbose)
+            verbose=verbose,
+            exception=exception)
     else:
         if probably_big or verbose:
             option = "-#"
         else:
             option = "-s"
-        run(["curl", option, "--retry", "3", "-Sf", "-o", path, url], verbose=verbose)
+        run(["curl", option, "--retry", "3", "-Sf", "-o", path, url],
+            verbose=verbose,
+            exception=exception)
 
 
 def verify(path, sha_path, verbose):
@@ -112,7 +125,7 @@ def unpack(tarball, dst, verbose=False, match=None):
             shutil.move(tp, fp)
     shutil.rmtree(os.path.join(dst, fname))
 
-def run(args, verbose=False):
+def run(args, verbose=False, exception=False):
     if verbose:
         print("running: " + ' '.join(args))
     sys.stdout.flush()
@@ -122,7 +135,7 @@ def run(args, verbose=False):
     code = ret.wait()
     if code != 0:
         err = "failed to run: " + ' '.join(args)
-        if verbose:
+        if verbose or exception:
             raise RuntimeError(err)
         sys.exit(err)
 
@@ -472,6 +485,8 @@ def build_triple(self):
             ostype += 'abi64'
         elif cputype in {'powerpc', 'ppc', 'ppc64'}:
             cputype = 'powerpc'
+        elif cputype == 'sparcv9':
+            pass
         elif cputype in {'amd64', 'x86_64', 'x86-64', 'x64'}:
             cputype = 'x86_64'
         else:

src/bootstrap/compile.rs

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ use std::fs::{self, File};
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 use std::process::Command;
 
-use build_helper::{output, mtime};
+use build_helper::{output, mtime, up_to_date};
 use filetime::FileTime;
 
 use util::{exe, libdir, is_dylib, copy};
@@ -132,21 +132,29 @@ pub fn build_startup_objects(build: &Build, for_compiler: &Compiler, target: &st
 
     let compiler = Compiler::new(0, &build.config.build);
     let compiler_path = build.compiler_path(&compiler);
-    let into = build.sysroot_libdir(for_compiler, target);
-    t!(fs::create_dir_all(&into));
-
-    for file in t!(fs::read_dir(build.src.join("src/rtstartup"))) {
-        let file = t!(file);
-        let mut cmd = Command::new(&compiler_path);
-        build.run(cmd.env("RUSTC_BOOTSTRAP", "1")
-                     .arg("--target").arg(target)
-                     .arg("--emit=obj")
-                     .arg("--out-dir").arg(&into)
-                     .arg(file.path()));
+    let src_dir = &build.src.join("src/rtstartup");
+    let dst_dir = &build.native_dir(target).join("rtstartup");
+    let sysroot_dir = &build.sysroot_libdir(for_compiler, target);
+    t!(fs::create_dir_all(dst_dir));
+    t!(fs::create_dir_all(sysroot_dir));
+
+    for file in &["rsbegin", "rsend"] {
+        let src_file = &src_dir.join(file.to_string() + ".rs");
+        let dst_file = &dst_dir.join(file.to_string() + ".o");
+        if !up_to_date(src_file, dst_file) {
+            let mut cmd = Command::new(&compiler_path);
+            build.run(cmd.env("RUSTC_BOOTSTRAP", "1")
+                        .arg("--target").arg(target)
+                        .arg("--emit=obj")
+                        .arg("--out-dir").arg(dst_dir)
+                        .arg(src_file));
+        }
+
+        copy(dst_file, &sysroot_dir.join(file.to_string() + ".o"));
     }
 
     for obj in ["crt2.o", "dllcrt2.o"].iter() {
-        copy(&compiler_file(build.cc(target), obj), &into.join(obj));
+        copy(&compiler_file(build.cc(target), obj), &sysroot_dir.join(obj));
     }
 }
 

src/doc/book/src/procedural-macros.md

@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ a representation of our type (which can be either a `struct` or an `enum`).
 Check out the [docs](https://docs.rs/syn/0.10.5/syn/struct.MacroInput.html),
 there is some useful information there. We are able to get the name of the
 type using `ast.ident`. The `quote!` macro lets us write up the Rust code
-that we wish to return and convert it into `Tokens`. `quote!` let's us use some
+that we wish to return and convert it into `Tokens`. `quote!` lets us use some
 really cool templating mechanics; we simply write `#name` and `quote!` will
 replace it with the variable named `name`. You can even do some repetition
 similar to regular macros work. You should check out the
@@ -211,3 +211,76 @@ Hello, World! My name is Waffles
 ```
 
 We've done it!
+
+## Custom Attributes
+
+In some cases it might make sense to allow users some kind of configuration.
+For example, the user might want to overwrite the name that is printed in the `hello_world()` method.
+
+This can be achieved with custom attributes:
+
+```rust,ignore
+#[derive(HelloWorld)]
+#[HelloWorldName = "the best Pancakes"]
+struct Pancakes;
+
+fn main() {
+    Pancakes::hello_world();
+}
+```
+
+If we try to compile this though, the compiler will respond with an error:
+
+```bash
+error: The attribute `HelloWorldName` is currently unknown to the compiler and may have meaning added to it in the future (see issue #29642)
+```
+
+The compiler needs to know that we're handling this attribute and to not respond with an error.
+This is done in the `hello-world-derive` crate by adding `attributes` to the `proc_macro_derive` attribute:
+
+```rust,ignore
+#[proc_macro_derive(HelloWorld, attributes(HelloWorldName))]
+pub fn hello_world(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream 
+```
+
+Multiple attributes can be specified that way.
+
+## Raising Errors
+
+Let's assume that we do not want to accept enums as input to our custom derive method.
+
+This condition can be easily checked with the help of `syn`. 
+But how do we tell the user, that we do not accept enums?
+The idiomatic way to report errors in procedural macros is to panic:
+
+```rust,ignore
+fn impl_hello_world(ast: &syn::MacroInput) -> quote::Tokens {
+    let name = &ast.ident;
+    // Check if derive(HelloWorld) was specified for a struct
+    if let syn::Body::Struct(_) = ast.body {
+        // Yes, this is a struct
+        quote! {
+            impl HelloWorld for #name {
+                fn hello_world() {
+                    println!("Hello, World! My name is {}", stringify!(#name));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        //Nope. This is an Enum. We cannot handle these!
+       panic!("#[derive(HelloWorld)] is only defined for structs, not for enums!");
+    }
+}
+```
+
+If a user now tries to derive `HelloWorld` from an enum they will be greeted with following, hopefully helpful, error:
+
+```bash
+error: custom derive attribute panicked
+  --> src/main.rs
+   |
+   | #[derive(HelloWorld)]
+   |          ^^^^^^^^^^
+   |
+   = help: message: #[derive(HelloWorld)] is only defined for structs, not for enums!
+```

src/doc/book/src/the-stack-and-the-heap.md

@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ to a large number, representing how much RAM your computer has. For example, if
 you have a gigabyte of RAM, your addresses go from `0` to `1,073,741,823`. That
 number comes from 2<sup>30</sup>, the number of bytes in a gigabyte. [^gigabyte]
 
-[^gigabyte]: ‘Gigabyte’ can mean two things: 10^9, or 2^30. The SI standard resolved this by stating that ‘gigabyte’ is 10^9, and ‘gibibyte’ is 2^30. However, very few people use this terminology, and rely on context to differentiate. We follow in that tradition here.
+[^gigabyte]: ‘Gigabyte’ can mean two things: 10<sup>9</sup>, or 2<sup>30</sup>. The IEC standard resolved this by stating that ‘gigabyte’ is 10<sup>9</sup>, and ‘gibibyte’ is 2<sup>30</sup>. However, very few people use this terminology, and rely on context to differentiate. We follow in that tradition here.
 
 This memory is kind of like a giant array: addresses start at zero and go
 up to the final number. So here’s a diagram of our first stack frame:

src/doc/nomicon/src/exception-safety.md

@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ uselessly. We would rather have the following:
 ```text
 bubble_up(heap, index):
     let elem = heap[index]
-    while index != 0 && element < heap[parent(index)]:
+    while index != 0 && elem < heap[parent(index)]:
         heap[index] = heap[parent(index)]
         index = parent(index)
     heap[index] = elem
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ If Rust had `try` and `finally` like in Java, we could do the following:
 bubble_up(heap, index):
     let elem = heap[index]
     try:
-        while index != 0 && element < heap[parent(index)]:
+        while index != 0 && elem < heap[parent(index)]:
             heap[index] = heap[parent(index)]
             index = parent(index)
     finally:

src/libcollections/fmt.rs

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
 //!
 //! A format string is required to use all of its arguments, otherwise it is a
 //! compile-time error. You may refer to the same argument more than once in the
-//! format string, although it must always be referred to with the same type.
+//! format string.
 //!
 //! ## Named parameters
 //!
@@ -89,19 +89,8 @@
 //!
 //! ## Argument types
 //!
-//! Each argument's type is dictated by the format string. It is a requirement
-//! that every argument is only ever referred to by one type. For example, this
-//! is an invalid format string:
-//!
-//! ```text
-//! {0:x} {0:o}
-//! ```
-//!
-//! This is invalid because the first argument is both referred to as a
-//! hexadecimal as well as an
-//! octal.
-//!
-//! There are various parameters which do require a particular type, however.
+//! Each argument's type is dictated by the format string.
+//! There are various parameters which require a particular type, however.
 //! An example is the `{:.*}` syntax, which sets the number of decimal places
 //! in floating-point types:
 //!
@@ -113,13 +102,7 @@
 //!
 //! If this syntax is used, then the number of characters to print precedes the
 //! actual object being formatted, and the number of characters must have the
-//! type `usize`. Although a `usize` can be printed with `{}`, it is invalid to
-//! reference an argument as such. For example this is another invalid format
-//! string:
-//!
-//! ```text
-//! {:.*} {0}
-//! ```
+//! type `usize`.
 //!
 //! ## Formatting traits
 //!

src/libcollections/string.rs

@@ -1629,6 +1629,43 @@ impl hash::Hash for String {
     }
 }
 
+/// Implements the `+` operator for concatenating two strings.
+///
+/// This consumes the `String` on the left-hand side and re-uses its buffer (growing it if
+/// necessary). This is done to avoid allocating a new `String` and copying the entire contents on
+/// every operation, which would lead to `O(n^2)` running time when building an `n`-byte string by
+/// repeated concatenation.
+///
+/// The string on the right-hand side is only borrowed; its contents are copied into the returned
+/// `String`.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// Concatenating two `String`s takes the first by value and borrows the second:
+///
+/// ```
+/// let a = String::from("hello");
+/// let b = String::from(" world");
+/// let c = a + &b;
+/// // `a` is moved and can no longer be used here.
+/// ```
+///
+/// If you want to keep using the first `String`, you can clone it and append to the clone instead:
+///
+/// ```
+/// let a = String::from("hello");
+/// let b = String::from(" world");
+/// let c = a.clone() + &b;
+/// // `a` is still valid here.
+/// ```
+///
+/// Concatenating `&str` slices can be done by converting the first to a `String`:
+///
+/// ```
+/// let a = "hello";
+/// let b = " world";
+/// let c = a.to_string() + b;
+/// ```
 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 impl<'a> Add<&'a str> for String {
     type Output = String;
@@ -1640,6 +1677,11 @@ impl<'a> Add<&'a str> for String {
     }
 }
 
+/// Implements the `+=` operator for appending to a `String`.
+///
+/// This has the same behavior as the [`push_str()`] method.
+///
+/// [`push_str()`]: struct.String.html#method.push_str
 #[stable(feature = "stringaddassign", since = "1.12.0")]
 impl<'a> AddAssign<&'a str> for String {
     #[inline]

src/libcollections/vec.rs

@@ -1776,6 +1776,7 @@ array_impls! {
     30 31 32
 }
 
+/// Implements comparison of vectors, lexicographically.
 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 impl<T: PartialOrd> PartialOrd for Vec<T> {
     #[inline]
@@ -1787,6 +1788,7 @@ impl<T: PartialOrd> PartialOrd for Vec<T> {
 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 impl<T: Eq> Eq for Vec<T> {}
 
+/// Implements ordering of vectors, lexicographically.
 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 impl<T: Ord> Ord for Vec<T> {
     #[inline]

src/libcompiler_builtins/build.rs

@@ -92,7 +92,15 @@ fn main() {
         // compiler-rt's build system already
         cfg.flag("-fno-builtin");
         cfg.flag("-fvisibility=hidden");
-        cfg.flag("-fomit-frame-pointer");
+        // Accepted practice on Solaris is to never omit frame pointer so that
+        // system observability tools work as expected.  In addition, at least
+        // on Solaris, -fomit-frame-pointer on sparcv9 appears to generate
+        // references to data outside of the current stack frame.  A search of
+        // the gcc bug database provides a variety of issues surrounding
+        // -fomit-frame-pointer on non-x86 platforms.
+        if !target.contains("solaris") && !target.contains("sparc") {
+            cfg.flag("-fomit-frame-pointer");
+        }
         cfg.flag("-ffreestanding");
         cfg.define("VISIBILITY_HIDDEN", None);
     }

src/libcore/slice.rs

@@ -2202,13 +2202,15 @@ impl<A, B> PartialEq<[B]> for [A] where A: PartialEq<B> {
 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 impl<T: Eq> Eq for [T] {}
 
+/// Implements comparison of vectors lexicographically.
 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 impl<T: Ord> Ord for [T] {
     fn cmp(&self, other: &[T]) -> Ordering {
         SliceOrd::compare(self, other)
     }
 }
 
+/// Implements comparison of vectors lexicographically.
 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 impl<T: PartialOrd> PartialOrd for [T] {
     fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &[T]) -> Option<Ordering> {