Fix ICE with -Zunpretty=hir,typed

[FabianWolff]

This PR fixes #82328. The -Zunpretty=hir,typed pretty-printer maintains an Option with type-checking results and sets the Option to Some when entering a body. However, this leads to an ICE if an expression occurs in a function signature (i.e. outside of a body), such as 128 in

fn foo(-128..=127: i8) {}

This PR fixes the ICE by checking (if necessary) whether the expression's owner has a body, and retrieving type-checking results for that on the fly.

[rust-highfive]

r? @LeSeulArtichaut

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[LeSeulArtichaut]

I thought that it might be easier to update the typeck results when entering an item instead of a body, but it gets harder when you throw closures into the mix, so this LGTM.

Left two nits

[LeSeulArtichaut]

Thanks for the PR! @bors r+

[bors]

📌 Commit e8ebf98 has been approved by LeSeulArtichaut

[bors]

⌛ Testing commit e8ebf98 with merge b37ef75b1eb535511dc83fd831f4e06b6424a03c...

[rust-log-analyzer]

The job dist-x86_64-apple-alt failed! Check out the build log: (web) (plain)

Click to see the possible cause of the failure (guessed by this bot)

      Memory: 14 GB
      Boot ROM Version: VMW71.00V.13989454.B64.1906190538
      Apple ROM Info: [MS_VM_CERT/SHA1/27d66596a61c48dd3dc7216fd715126e33f59ae7]Welcome to the Virtual Machine
      SMC Version (system): 2.8f0
      Serial Number (system): VMyFXmVnVEue

hw.ncpu: 3
hw.byteorder: 1234
hw.memsize: 15032385536
---
[TIMING] ToolBuild { compiler: Compiler { stage: 0, host: TargetSelection { triple: "x86_64-apple-darwin", file: None } }, target: TargetSelection { triple: "x86_64-apple-darwin", file: None }, tool: "unstable-book-gen", path: "src/tools/unstable-book-gen", mode: ToolBootstrap, is_optional_tool: false, source_type: InTree, extra_features: [] } -- 86.074
[TIMING] UnstableBookGen { compiler: Compiler { stage: 0, host: TargetSelection { triple: "x86_64-apple-darwin", file: None } }, target: TargetSelection { triple: "x86_64-apple-darwin", file: None } } -- 0.000


command did not execute successfully: "/Users/runner/work/rust/rust/build/x86_64-apple-darwin/stage0-tools-bin/unstable-book-gen" "/Users/runner/work/rust/rust/library" "/Users/runner/work/rust/rust/compiler" "/Users/runner/work/rust/rust/src" "/Users/runner/work/rust/rust/build/x86_64-apple-darwin/md-doc/unstable-book"
expected success, got: signal: 9

failed to run: /Users/runner/work/rust/rust/build/bootstrap/debug/bootstrap dist
Build completed unsuccessfully in 0:01:27

[bors]

💔 Test failed - checks-actions

[LeSeulArtichaut]

@bors retry

[bors]

⌛ Testing commit e8ebf98 with merge a5b7511...

[bors]

☀️ Test successful - checks-actions
Approved by: LeSeulArtichaut
Pushing a5b7511 to master...