[FEATURE] Enum support for the argument parser.

include/seqan3/argument_parser/argument_parser.hpp

@@ -230,8 +230,8 @@ class argument_parser
      */
     template <typename option_type, validator validator_type = detail::default_validator<option_type>>
     //!\cond
-        requires (input_stream_over<std::istringstream, option_type> ||
-                  input_stream_over<std::istringstream, typename option_type::value_type>) &&
+        requires (argument_parser_compatible_option<option_type> ||
+                  argument_parser_compatible_option<typename option_type::value_type>) &&
                   std::invocable<validator_type, option_type>
     //!\endcond
     void add_option(option_type & value,
@@ -292,8 +292,8 @@ class argument_parser
      */
     template <typename option_type, validator validator_type = detail::default_validator<option_type>>
     //!\cond
-        requires (input_stream_over<std::istringstream, option_type> ||
-                  input_stream_over<std::istringstream, typename option_type::value_type>) &&
+        requires (argument_parser_compatible_option<option_type> ||
+                  argument_parser_compatible_option<typename option_type::value_type>) &&
                   std::invocable<validator_type, option_type>
     //!\endcond
     void add_positional_option(option_type & value,

include/seqan3/argument_parser/auxiliary.hpp

@@ -15,12 +15,211 @@
 #include <sstream>
 #include <vector>
 
+#include <seqan3/core/detail/customisation_point.hpp>
 #include <seqan3/core/detail/debug_stream_type.hpp>
+#include <seqan3/core/type_traits/basic.hpp>
 #include <seqan3/io/stream/concept.hpp>
+#include <seqan3/std/concepts>
+#include <seqan3/std/type_traits>
+
+namespace seqan3::custom
+{
+
+/*!\brief A type that can be specialised to provide customisation point implementations for the seqan3::argument_parser
+ *        such that third party types may be adapted.
+ * \tparam t The type you wish to specialise for.
+ * \ingroup argument_parser
+ *
+ * \details
+ *
+ * ### Named Enumerations
+ *
+ * In order to use a third party type within the seqan3::argument_parser::add_option or
+ * seqan3::argument_parser::add_positional_option call, you can specialise this struct in the following way:
+ *
+ * \include test/snippet/argument_parser/custom_argument_parsing_enumeration.cpp
+ *
+ * Please note that by default the `t const`, `t &` and `t const &` specialisations of this class inherit the
+ * specialisation for `t` so you usually only need to provide a specialisation for `t`.
+ *
+ * \note Only use this if you cannot provide respective functions in your namespace. See the tutorial
+ * \ref tutorial_argument_parser for an example of customising a type within your own namespace.
+ */
+template <typename t>
+struct argument_parsing
+{}; // forward
+
+//!\cond
+template <typename t>
+struct argument_parsing<t const> : argument_parsing<t>
+{};
+
+template <typename t>
+struct argument_parsing<t &> : argument_parsing<t>
+{};
+
+template <typename t>
+struct argument_parsing<t const &> : argument_parsing<t>
+{};
+//!\endcond
+
+} // seqan3::custom
+
+namespace seqan3::detail::adl_only
+{
+
+//!\brief Poison-pill overload to prevent non-ADL forms of unqualified lookup.
+template <typename t>
+std::unordered_map<std::string_view, t> enumeration_names(t) = delete;
+
+/*!\brief Functor definition for seqan3::enumeration_names.
+ *
+ * This struct is templetised because we need the original option_t next to s_option_t that may be wrapped
+ * std::type_identity to be default constructible. We need option_t to be default constructible because the
+ * respective CPO should be callable without a function parameter.
+ */
+template <typename option_t>
+struct enumeration_names_fn
+{
+private:
+    //!\brief `option_t` with cvref removed and possibly wrapped in std::type_identity.
+    using s_option_t = std::conditional_t<std::is_nothrow_default_constructible_v<remove_cvref_t<option_t>> &&
+                                          seqan3::is_constexpr_default_constructible_v<remove_cvref_t<option_t>>,
+                                          remove_cvref_t<option_t>,
+                                          std::type_identity<option_t>>;
+
+    SEQAN3_CPO_IMPL(1, (deferred_type_t<seqan3::custom::argument_parsing<option_t>, decltype(v)>::enumeration_names))
+    SEQAN3_CPO_IMPL(0, (enumeration_names(v))) // ADL
+
+public:
+    //!\brief Operator definition.
+    template <typename dummy = int> // need to make this a template to enforce deferred initialisation
+    //!\cond
+        requires requires
+        {
+            std::same_as<decltype(impl(priority_tag<1>{}, s_option_t{}, dummy{})),
+                         std::unordered_map<std::string_view, remove_cvref_t<option_t>>>;
+                                                                                     remove_cvref_t<option_t>>;
+        }
+    //!\endcond
+    auto operator()() const
+    {
+        return impl(priority_tag<1>{}, s_option_t{});
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace seqan3::detail::adl_only
 
 namespace seqan3
 {
 
+/*!\name Customisation Points
+ * \{
+ */
+
+/*!\brief Return a conversion map from std::string_view to option_type.
+ * \tparam your_type Type of the value to retrieve the conversion map for.
+ * \param value The value is not used, just its type.
+ * \returns A std::unordered_map<std::string_view, your_type> that maps a string identifier to a value of your_type.
+ * \ingroup argument_parser
+ * \details
+ *
+ * This is a function object. Invoke it with the parameter(s) specified above.
+ *
+ * It acts as a wrapper and looks for two possible implementations (in this order):
+ *
+ *   1. A static member `enumeration_names` in `seqan3::custom::argument_parsing<your_type>` that is of type
+ *      `std::unordered_map<std::string_view, your_type>>`.
+ *   2. A free function `enumeration_names(your_type const a)` in the namespace of your type (or as `friend`) which
+ *      returns a `std::unordered_map<std::string_view, your_type>>`.
+ *
+ * ### Example
+ *
+ * If you are working on a type in your own namespace, you should implement a free function like this:
+ *
+ * \include test/snippet/argument_parser/custom_enumeration.cpp
+ *
+ * **Only if you cannot access the namespace of your type to customize** you may specialize
+ * the seqan3::custom::argument_parsing struct like this:
+ *
+ * \include test/snippet/argument_parser/custom_argument_parsing_enumeration.cpp
+ *
+ * ### Customisation point
+ *
+ * This is a customisation point (see \ref about_customisation). To specify the behaviour for your own type,
+ * simply provide one of the two functions specified above.
+ */
+template <typename option_type>
+//!\cond
+    requires requires { { detail::adl_only::enumeration_names_fn<option_type>{}() }; }
+//!\endcond
+inline auto const enumeration_names = detail::adl_only::enumeration_names_fn<option_type>{}();
+//!\}
+
+/*!\interface seqan3::named_enumeration <>
+ * \brief Checks whether the free function seqan3::enumeration_names can be called on the type.
+ * \ingroup argument_parser
+ * \tparam option_type The type to check.
+ *
+ * ### Requirements
+ *
+ * * A instance of seqan3::enumeration_names<option_type> must exist and be of type
+ *   `std::unordered_map<std::string, option_type>`.
+ */
+//!\cond
+template <typename option_type>
+SEQAN3_CONCEPT named_enumeration = requires
+{
+    { seqan3::enumeration_names<option_type> };
+};
+//!\endcond
+
+/*!\interface seqan3::argument_parser_compatible_option <>
+ * \brief Checks whether the the type can be used in an add_(positional_)option call on the argument parser.
+ * \ingroup argument_parser
+ * \tparam option_type The type to check.
+ *
+ * ### Requirements
+ *
+ * In order to model this concept, the type must either define the `operator>>` over std::stringstream or
+ * model seqan3::named_enumeration<option_type>.
+ */
+//!\cond
+template <typename option_type>
+SEQAN3_CONCEPT argument_parser_compatible_option = input_stream_over<std::istringstream, option_type> ||
+                                                   named_enumeration<option_type>;
+//!\endcond
+
+/*!\name Formatted output overloads
+ * \{
+ */
+/*!\brief A type (e.g. an enum) can be made debug streamable by customizing the seqan3::enumeration_names.
+ * \tparam option_type Type of the enum to be printed.
+ * \param s  The seqan3::debug_stream.
+ * \param op The value to print.
+ * \relates seqan3::debug_stream_type
+ *
+ * \details
+ *
+ * This searches the seqan3::enumeration_names of the respective type for the value \p op and prints the
+ * respective string if found or '\<UNKNOWN_VALUE\>' if the value cannot be found in the map.
+ */
+template <typename char_t, typename option_type>
+//!\cond
+    requires named_enumeration<remove_cvref_t<option_type>>
+//!\endcond
+inline debug_stream_type<char_t> & operator<<(debug_stream_type<char_t> & s, option_type && op)
+{
+    for (auto & [key, value] : enumeration_names<option_type>)
+    {
+        if (op == value)
+            return s << key;
+    }
+
+    return s << "<UNKNOWN_VALUE>";
+}
+//!\}
+
 /*!\brief Used to further specify argument_parser options/flags.
  * \ingroup argument_parser
  *

include/seqan3/argument_parser/detail/format_base.hpp

@@ -24,6 +24,9 @@
 #include <seqan3/argument_parser/exceptions.hpp>
 #include <seqan3/argument_parser/validators.hpp>
 #include <seqan3/core/detail/reflection.hpp>
+#include <seqan3/range/views/get.hpp>
+#include <seqan3/range/views/to.hpp>
+#include <seqan3/range/views/view_all.hpp>
 #include <seqan3/std/filesystem>
 
 namespace seqan3::detail
@@ -243,7 +246,9 @@ class format_help_base : public format_base
                     option_spec const & spec,
                     validator_type && validator)
     {
-        parser_set_up_calls.push_back([this, &value, short_id, long_id, desc, spec, validator] ()
+        std::string msg = validator.get_help_page_message();
+
+        parser_set_up_calls.push_back([this, &value, short_id, long_id, desc, spec, msg] ()
         {
             if (!(spec & option_spec::HIDDEN) && (!(spec & option_spec::ADVANCED) || show_advanced_options))
                   derived_t().print_list_item(prep_id_for_help(short_id, long_id) +
@@ -252,7 +257,7 @@ class format_help_base : public format_base
                                               ((spec & option_spec::REQUIRED)
                                                   ? std::string{" "}
                                                   : detail::to_string(" Default: ", value, ". ")) +
-                                              validator.get_help_page_message());
+                                              msg);
         });
     }
 
@@ -290,7 +295,9 @@ class format_help_base : public format_base
                                std::string const & desc,
                                validator_type & validator)
     {
-        positional_option_calls.push_back([this, &value, desc, validator] ()
+        std::string msg = validator.get_help_page_message();
+
+        positional_option_calls.push_back([this, &value, desc, msg] ()
         {
             ++positional_option_count;
             derived_t().print_list_item(detail::to_string("\\fBARGUMENT-", positional_option_count, "\\fP ",
@@ -300,7 +307,7 @@ class format_help_base : public format_base
                                         ((sequence_container<option_type> && !std::same_as<option_type, std::string>)
                                             ? detail::to_string(" Default: ", value, ". ")
                                             : std::string{" "}) +
-                                        validator.get_help_page_message());
+                                        msg);
         });
     }
 

include/seqan3/argument_parser/detail/format_parse.hpp

@@ -283,13 +283,11 @@ class format_parse : public format_base
     }
 
     /*!\brief Tries to cast an input string into a value.
-     *
-     * \tparam option_t Must satisfy the seqan3::input_stream_over.
-     *
+     * \tparam option_t Must model seqan3::input_stream_over.
      * \param[out] value Stores the casted value.
      * \param[in]  in    The input argument to be casted.
      *
-     * \throws seqan3::parser_invalid_argument
+     * \throws seqan3::type_conversion_failed
      */
     template <typename option_t>
     //!\cond
@@ -301,8 +299,36 @@ class format_parse : public format_base
         stream >> value;
 
         if (stream.fail() || !stream.eof())
+        {
             throw type_conversion_failed("Argument " + in + " could not be casted to type " +
                                          get_type_name_as_string(value) + ".");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!\brief Tries to cast an input string into a value.
+     * \tparam option_t Must model seqan3::named_enumeration.
+     * \param[out] value Stores the cast value.
+     * \param[in]  in    The input argument to be cast.
+     *
+     * \throws seqan3::type_conversion_failed
+     */
+    template <typename option_t>
+    //!\cond
+        requires named_enumeration<option_t>
+    //!\endcond
+    void retrieve_value(option_t & value, std::string const & in)
+    {
+        auto map = seqan3::enumeration_names<option_t>;
+
+        if (auto it = map.find(in); it == map.end())
+        {
+            throw type_conversion_failed("Argument " + in + " could not be cast to enum type " +
+                                         get_display_name_v<option_t>.str() + ".");
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            value = it->second;
+        }
     }
 
     //!\cond

test/snippet/argument_parser/custom_argument_parsing_enumeration.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#include <system_error>
+
+#include <seqan3/argument_parser/all.hpp>
+
+namespace seqan3::custom
+{
+// Specialise the seqan3::custom::argument_parsing data structure to enable parsing of std::errc.
+template <>
+struct argument_parsing<std::errc>
+{
+    // Specialise a mapping from an identifying string to the respective value of your type Foo.
+    static inline const std::unordered_map<std::string_view, std::errc> enumeration_names
+    {{
+            {"no_error", std::errc{}},
+            {"timed_out", std::errc::timed_out},
+            {"invalid_argument", std::errc::invalid_argument},
+            {"io_error", std::errc::io_error}
+    }};
+};
+
+} // namespace seqan3::custom
+
+int main(int argc, char const * argv[])
+{
+    std::errc value{};
+
+    seqan3::argument_parser parser{"my_program", argc, argv};
+
+    // Because of the argument_parsing struct and
+    // the static member function enumeration_names
+    // you can now add an option that takes a value of type std::errc:
+    parser.add_option(value, 'e', "errc", "Give me a std::errc value.");
+
+    try
+    {
+        parser.parse();
+    }
+    catch (seqan3::parser_invalid_argument const & ext) // the user did something wrong
+    {
+        std::cerr << "[PARSER ERROR] " << ext.what() << "\n"; // customize your error message
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}