netty: Avoid volatile attributes on client-side

6efa9ee added `volatile` to `attributes` after TSAN detected a data
race that was added in 91d15ce. The race was because attributes may be
read from another thread after `transportReady()`, and the
post-filtering assignment occurred after `transportReady()`. The code
now filters the attributes separately so they are updated before calling
`transportReady()`.

Original TSAN failure:
```
  Read of size 4 at 0x0000cd44769c by thread T23:
    #0 io.grpc.netty.NettyClientHandler.getAttributes()Lio/grpc/Attributes; NettyClientHandler.java:327
    #1 io.grpc.netty.NettyClientTransport.getAttributes()Lio/grpc/Attributes; NettyClientTransport.java:363
    #2 io.grpc.netty.NettyClientTransport.newStream(Lio/grpc/MethodDescriptor;Lio/grpc/Metadata;Lio/grpc/CallOptions;[Lio/grpc/ClientStreamTracer;)Lio/grpc/internal/ClientStream; NettyClientTransport.java:183
    #3 io.grpc.internal.MetadataApplierImpl.apply(Lio/grpc/Metadata;)V MetadataApplierImpl.java:74
    #4 io.grpc.auth.GoogleAuthLibraryCallCredentials$1.onSuccess(Ljava/util/Map;)V GoogleAuthLibraryCallCredentials.java:141
    #5 com.google.auth.oauth2.OAuth2Credentials$FutureCallbackToMetadataCallbackAdapter.onSuccess(Lcom/google/auth/oauth2/OAuth2Credentials$OAuthValue;)V OAuth2Credentials.java:534
    #6 com.google.auth.oauth2.OAuth2Credentials$FutureCallbackToMetadataCallbackAdapter.onSuccess(Ljava/lang/Object;)V OAuth2Credentials.java:525
    ...

  Previous write of size 4 at 0x0000cd44769c by thread T24:
    #0 io.grpc.netty.NettyClientHandler$FrameListener.onSettingsRead(Lio/netty/channel/ChannelHandlerContext;Lio/netty/handler/codec/http2/Http2Settings;)V NettyClientHandler.java:920
    #1 io.netty.handler.codec.http2.DefaultHttp2ConnectionDecoder$FrameReadListener.onSettingsRead(Lio/netty/channel/ChannelHandlerContext;Lio/netty/handler/codec/http2/Http2Settings;)V DefaultHttp2ConnectionDecoder.java:515
    ...
```

netty/src/main/java/io/grpc/netty/ClientTransportLifecycleManager.java

@@ -37,14 +37,19 @@ public ClientTransportLifecycleManager(ManagedClientTransport.Listener listener)
     this.listener = listener;
   }
 
-  public Attributes notifyReady(Attributes attributes) {
+  public Attributes filterAttributes(Attributes attributes) {
     if (transportReady || transportShutdown) {
       return attributes;
     }
+    return listener.filterTransport(attributes);
+  }
+
+  public void notifyReady() {
+    if (transportReady || transportShutdown) {
+      return;
+    }
     transportReady = true;
-    attributes = listener.filterTransport(attributes);
     listener.transportReady();
-    return attributes;
   }
 
   /**

netty/src/main/java/io/grpc/netty/NettyClientHandler.java

@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ protected void handleNotInUse() {
 
   private WriteQueue clientWriteQueue;
   private Http2Ping ping;
-  private volatile Attributes attributes;
+  private Attributes attributes;
   private InternalChannelz.Security securityInfo;
   private Status abruptGoAwayStatus;
   private Status channelInactiveReason;
@@ -917,7 +917,8 @@ private class FrameListener extends Http2FrameAdapter {
     public void onSettingsRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Http2Settings settings) {
       if (firstSettings) {
         firstSettings = false;
-        attributes = lifecycleManager.notifyReady(attributes);
+        attributes = lifecycleManager.filterAttributes(attributes);
+        lifecycleManager.notifyReady();
       }
     }