For a gentle introduction see this blog post. What follows is a more technical description.
uwsgi_reload.py is a script for the proper graceful reloading of uWSGI vassals in a fastrouter based setup. The following guarantees are provided:
- only one instance of the script can run at any given time
- when the script finishes all the vassals were reloaded or the timeout specified by "--timeout" was reached
- during the reload at least 1 vassal is operational at any given time (value specified by "--minimum-active-vassals")
- the script is as fast as possible by reloading as many vassals in parallel as it can
This setup was inspired by the Subscription system section in "The Art of Graceful Reloading" from the official uWSGI documentation. It boils down to this:
- an emperor
- a fastrouter
- multiple vassals subscribing to the fastrouter having 1 process each
- a web server using the fastrouter as a backend
In the examples directory you'll find some configuration file snippets that show how all this comes together. They come from a Django project but the general ideas apply to anything that runs on uWSGI. Here are the files and their meaning:
- wsgi.py - WSGI application from a Django project. Note how the slow startup problem is solved by making a GET request in the file itself. When the uWSGI vassal will be ready to receive connections that lazy Django project will already be warmed up.
- uwsgi_vassal.ini - vassal configuration. You need to create "/home/some_user/uwsgi" yourself and make symbolic links for each vassal that's going to be running (usually one per CPU core - 8 in this example) in the directory watched by the emperor :
cd /etc/uwsgi.d
for N in $(seq -f '%02.f' 1 8); do ln -s /some/project/dir/uwsgi_vassal.ini "uwsgi_vassal_${N}.ini"; done- uwsgi.conf.d.fragment - a fragment from "/etc/conf.d/uwsgi" on a Gentoo system. Those variables translate more or less to this command line:
uwsgi --daemonize "${UWSGI_LOG_FILE}" --emperor "${UWSGI_EMPEROR_PATH}" ${UWSGI_EXTRA_OPTIONS}It's your job to create ${UWSGI_LOG_FILE} and change its ownership before starting the daemon.
- nginx.conf.fragment - /etc/nginx/nginx.conf fragment showing how to set up an upstream pointing to the fastrouter socket and an optional fixed fastrouter key that might come useful when testing or serving the same application on multiple server names.
- uwsgi_reload.sh - a simple wrapper around uwsgi_reload.py to showcase the command line arguments used in this setup.
In all these example files you'll find placeholders that you need to change:
- some_user
- some_group
- /home/some_user/uwsgi - the directory where a bunch of files and Unix sockets are created by the vassals
- /some/project/dir - Django project directory where wsgi.py can be found.
$ ./uwsgi_reload.py --help
usage: uwsgi_reload.py [-h] --emperor-path <dir> --fastrouter-stats-socket
<socket> --emperor-stats-socket <socket>
[--vassal-config-file-suffix <string>]
[--minimum-active-vassals <int>] [--timeout <int>]
[--check-interval <float>] [-q]
Graceful reload for uWSGI vassals.
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--emperor-path <dir> directory used by the Emperor
--fastrouter-stats-socket <socket>
Fastrouter statistics socket
--emperor-stats-socket <socket>
Emperor statistics socket
--vassal-config-file-suffix <string>
vassal config file suffix (default: .ini)
--minimum-active-vassals <int>
the minimum number of vassals that should be active at
any given time during the reload (default: 1)
--timeout <int> how long to wait for the reload of a vassal (default:
60)
--check-interval <float>
interval between vassal status checks (seconds)
(default: 0.1)
-q, --quiet supress output (default: False)- Python 2
- uWSGI
Mozilla Public License Version 2.0
Start a benchmarking tool like ab (ApacheBench) in one terminal:
ab -c 10 -n 3000 -q domain.tld/and while this is running run the reload script in another terminal once or twice. There should be exactly zero failed requests.
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author: Ștefan Talpalaru stefantalpalaru@yahoo.com