Merge pull request #53839 from ixdy/update-bazel-workspace

Automatic merge from submit-queue. If you want to cherry-pick this change to another branch, please follow the instructions <a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/community/blob/master/contributors/devel/cherry-picks.md">here</a>.

 Update rules_go, repo-infra, and rules_docker dependencies

**What this PR does / why we need it**: several of our bazel dependencies were getting pretty old, since they required bazel 0.5.4+ but there were various failures if we tried to use them with bazel 0.5.4.

Now that bazel 0.6.0 (and 0.6.1) have been out for a while, we can bump our dependencies and get a number of fixes and new functionality.

x-ref #52677 and others

**Special notes for your reviewer**:
* This will now explicitly require bazel 0.6.0+ to build kubernetes.
* Our staging directories are causing some issues for `gazelle`; it wants to set `importpath = "k8s.io/kubernetes/staging/src/k8s.io/blah"` instead of `importpath = "k8s.io/blah"`. I'm not sure what is the correct way to fix this; what we're doing here is pretty weird and nonstandard. I've used a `sed` substitution for now.
* The `-proto=default` option of `gazelle` has a number of bugs right now (bazel-contrib/rules_go#888, bazel-contrib/rules_go#900, bazel-contrib/rules_go#907), so I am forcing the legacy behavior.

**Release note**:

```release-note
NONE
```

/assign @mikedanese @spxtr @BenTheElder

Kubernetes-commit: 77b83e446b4e655a71c315ad3f3890dc2a220ccf