Overview

kube-state-metrics is a simple service that listens to the Kubernetes API server and generates metrics about the state of the objects. (See examples in the Metrics section below.) It is not focused on the health of the individual Kubernetes components, but rather on the health of the various objects inside, such as deployments, nodes and pods.

kube-state-metrics is about generating metrics from Kubernetes API objects without modification. This ensures that features provided by kube-state-metrics have the same grade of stability as the Kubernetes API objects themselves. In turn, this means that kube-state-metrics in certain situations may not show the exact same values as kubectl, as kubectl applies certain heuristics to display comprehensible messages. kube-state-metrics exposes raw data unmodified from the Kubernetes API, this way users have all the data they require and perform heuristics as they see fit.

The metrics are exported on the HTTP endpoint /metrics on the listening port (default 80). They are served as plaintext. They are designed to be consumed either by Prometheus itself or by a scraper that is compatible with scraping a Prometheus client endpoint. You can also open /metrics in a browser to see the raw metrics.

Table of Contents

• Versioning
  • Kubernetes Version
  • Compatibility matrix
  • Resource group version compatibility
  • Container Image
• Metrics Documentation
• Kube-state-metrics self metrics
• Resource recommendation
• A note on costing
• kube-state-metrics vs. metrics-server
• Setup
  • Building the Docker container
• Usage
  • Kubernetes Deployment
  • Limited privileges environment
  • Development

Versioning

Kubernetes Version

kube-state-metrics uses client-go to talk with Kubernetes clusters. The supported Kubernetes cluster version is determined by client-go. The compatibility matrix for client-go and Kubernetes cluster can be found here. All additional compatibility is only best effort, or happens to still/already be supported.

Compatibility matrix

At most, 5 kube-state-metrics and 5 kubernetes releases will be recorded below.

kube-state-metrics	client-go	Kubernetes 1.11	Kubernetes 1.12	Kubernetes 1.13	Kubernetes 1.14	Kubernetes 1.15
v1.3.1	v6.0.0	✓	✓	-	-	-
v1.4.0	v8.0.0	✓	✓	-	-	-
v1.5.0	v8.0.0	✓	✓	-	-	-
v1.6.0	v11.0.0	✓	✓	✓	✓	-
v1.7.1	v12.0.0	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
master	v12.0.0	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓

• ✓ Fully supported version range.
• - The Kubernetes cluster has features the client-go library can't use (additional API objects, etc).

Resource group version compatibility

Resources in Kubernetes can evolve, i.e., the group version for a resource may change from alpha to beta and finally GA in different Kubernetes versions. For now, kube-state-metrics will only use the oldest API available in the latest release.

Container Image

The latest container image can be found at:

• quay.io/coreos/kube-state-metrics:v1.7.1
• k8s.gcr.io/kube-state-metrics:v1.7.1

Note: The recommended docker registry for kube-state-metrics is quay.io. kube-state-metrics on gcr.io is only maintained on best effort as it requires external help from Google employees.

Metrics Documentation

There are many more metrics we could report, but this first pass is focused on those that could be used for actionable alerts. Please contribute PR's for additional metrics!

WARNING: THESE METRIC/TAG NAMES ARE UNSTABLE AND MAY CHANGE IN A FUTURE RELEASE. For now, the following metrics and collectors

metrics

• kube_pod_container_resource_requests_nvidia_gpu_devices
• kube_pod_container_resource_limits_nvidia_gpu_devices
• kube_node_status_capacity_nvidia_gpu_cards
• kube_node_status_allocatable_nvidia_gpu_cards

are removed in kube-state-metrics v1.4.0.

Any collectors and metrics based on alpha Kubernetes APIs are excluded from any stability guarantee, which may be changed at any given release.

See the docs directory for more information on the exposed metrics.

Kube-state-metrics self metrics

kube-state-metrics exposes its own general process metrics under --telemetry-host and --telemetry-port (default 81).

Resource recommendation

Resource usage for kube-state-metrics changes with the Kubernetes objects(Pods/Nodes/Deployments/Secrets etc.) size of the cluster. To some extent, the Kubernetes objects in a cluster are in direct proportion to the node number of the cluster.

As a general rule, you should allocate

• 200MiB memory
• 0.1 cores

For clusters of more than 100 nodes, allocate at least

• 2MiB memory per node
• 0.001 cores per node

These numbers are based on scalability tests at 30 pods per node.

Note that if CPU limits are set too low, kube-state-metrics' internal queues will not be able to be worked off quickly enough, resulting in increased memory consumption as the queue length grows. If you experience problems resulting from high memory allocation, try increasing the CPU limits.

A note on costing

By default, kube-state-metrics exposes several metrics for events across your cluster. If you have a large number of frequently-updating resources on your cluster, you may find that a lot of data is ingested into these metrics. This can incur high costs on some cloud providers. Please take a moment to configure what metrics you'd like to expose, as well as consult the documentation for your Kubernetes environment in order to avoid unexpectedly high costs.

kube-state-metrics vs. metrics-server

The metrics-server is a project that has been inspired by Heapster and is implemented to serve the goals of core metrics pipelines in Kubernetes monitoring architecture. It is a cluster level component which periodically scrapes metrics from all Kubernetes nodes served by Kubelet through Summary API. The metrics are aggregated, stored in memory and served in Metrics API format. The metric-server stores the latest values only and is not responsible for forwarding metrics to third-party destinations.

kube-state-metrics is focused on generating completely new metrics from Kubernetes' object state (e.g. metrics based on deployments, replica sets, etc.). It holds an entire snapshot of Kubernetes state in memory and continuously generates new metrics based off of it. And just like the metric-server it too is not responsibile for exporting its metrics anywhere.

Having kube-state-metrics as a separate project also enables access to these metrics from monitoring systems such as Prometheus.

Setup

Install this project to your $GOPATH using go get:

go get k8s.io/kube-state-metrics

Building the Docker container

Simply run the following command in this root folder, which will create a self-contained, statically-linked binary and build a Docker image:

make container

Usage

Simply build and run kube-state-metrics inside a Kubernetes pod which has a service account token that has read-only access to the Kubernetes cluster.

Kubernetes Deployment

To deploy this project, you can simply run kubectl apply -f kubernetes and a Kubernetes service and deployment will be created. (Note: Adjust the apiVersion of some resource if your kubernetes cluster's version is not 1.8+, check the yaml file for more information). The service already has a prometheus.io/scrape: 'true' annotation and if you added the recommended Prometheus service-endpoint scraping configuration, Prometheus will pick it up automatically and you can start using the generated metrics right away.

Note: Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) Users - GKE has strict role permissions that will prevent the kube-state-metrics roles and role bindings from being created. To work around this, you can give your GCP identity the cluster-admin role by running the following one-liner:

kubectl create clusterrolebinding cluster-admin-binding --clusterrole=cluster-admin --user=$(gcloud info --format='value(config.account)')

Note that your GCP identity is case sensitive but gcloud info as of Google Cloud SDK 221.0.0 is not. This means that if your IAM member contains capital letters, the above one-liner may not work for you. If you have 403 forbidden responses after running the above command and kubectl apply -f kubernetes, check the IAM member associated with your account at https://console.cloud.google.com/iam-admin/iam?project=PROJECT_ID. If it contains capital letters, you may need to set the --user flag in the command above to the case-sensitive role listed at https://console.cloud.google.com/iam-admin/iam?project=PROJECT_ID.

After running the above, if you see Clusterrolebinding "cluster-admin-binding" created, then you are able to continue with the setup of this service.

Limited privileges environment

If you want to run kube-state-metrics in an environment where you don't have cluster-reader role, you can:

• create a serviceaccount

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: kube-state-metrics
  namespace: your-namespace-where-kube-state-metrics-will-deployed

• give it view privileges on specific namespaces (using roleBinding) (note: you can add this roleBinding to all the NS you want your serviceaccount to access)

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kube-state-metrics
  namespace: project1
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: view
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kube-state-metrics
    namespace: your-namespace-where-kube-state-metrics-will-deployed

• then specify a set of namespaces (using the --namespace option) and a set of kubernetes objects (using the --collectors) that your serviceaccount has access to in the kube-state-metrics deployment configuration

spec:
  template:
    spec:
      containers:
        - args:
          - '--collectors=pods'
          - '--namespace=project1'

For the full list of arguments available, see the documentation in docs/cli-arguments.md

Development

When developing, test a metric dump against your local Kubernetes cluster by running:

Users can override the apiserver address in KUBE-CONFIG file with --apiserver command line.

go install
kube-state-metrics --port=8080 --telemetry-port=8081 --kubeconfig=<KUBE-CONFIG> --apiserver=<APISERVER>

Then curl the metrics endpoint

curl localhost:8080/metrics

To run the e2e tests locally see the documentation in tests/README.md.