[doc] Updated documentations for implicit type casting rules

docs/lang/articles/basic/type.md

@@ -100,10 +100,33 @@ As a rule of thumb, implicit type casting is a major source of bugs. And Taichi
 
 #### Implicit type casting in binary operations
 
-Taichi follows the [implicit conversion rules](https://en.cppreference.com/w/c/language/conversion) for the C programming language and implicitly casts operands in a [binary operation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_operation) into a *common type* if the operation involves different data types. Following are two most straightforward rules for determining the common type in a binary operation:
+Taichi implements its own implicit type casting rules for binary operations, which are slightly different from [those for the C programming language](https://en.cppreference.com/w/c/language/conversion).
 
-- `i32 + f32 = f32` (`int` + `float` = `float`)
-- `i32 + i64 = i64` (low precision bits + high precision bits = high precision bits)
+In general we have three rules with descending priority:
+
+1. integral OP floating_point -> floating_point
+- `i32 + f32 -> f32`
+- `i16 + f16 -> f16`
+
+2. low_precision_bits OP high_precision_bits -> high_precision_bits
+- `i16 + i32 -> i32`
+- `u8 + u16 -> u16`
+
+3. signed OP unsigned -> unsigned
+- `u32 + i32 -> u32`
+- `u8 + i8 -> u8`
+
+For conflicting rules, only the highest priority one will be applied.
+- `u8 + i16 -> i16` (rule #2 conflicts with rule #3: apply rule #2)
+- `f16 + i32 -> f16` (rule #1 conflicts with rule #2: apply rule #1)
+
+A few exceptions:
+1. bit-shift operations: always follow lhs's dtype
+- `u8 << i32 -> u8`
+- `i16 << i8 -> i16`
+
+2. logical operations: always return i32
+3. comparison operations: always return i32
 
 #### Implicit type casting in assignments