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EIP-4844 concepts
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MarcusWentz committed Aug 1, 2023
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import Image from "next/image";
import { Callout } from "nextra-theme-docs";

# What is Taiko?

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low and extra Taiko tokens need to be minted, a slightly
higher baseFee can be charged to the proposer than the
one predicted by the model.

## EIP-4844 Scaling Via Blob Data

EIP-4844 is an Ethereum upgrade that bolts blob data to consensus layer blocks.
<center>
<Image
src="/images/diagrams/concepts/eip-4844/blob-bolt-block.png"
alt="proposed"
width={1200}
height={500}
/>
</center>

YouTube Video Presentation: [Ethereum's first steps towards serious scalability/EIP-4844 (Proto-danksharding)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JQDUvqv60qw)

The main motivation for EIP-4844 is scaling Ethereum with transactions that are:
```
-compressed [similar to raw byte calldata for rollups to read and execute from]
-cheap [blob data is cheaper than calldata]
-expire
-exist long enough for rollups to execute data
-with enough verification data after expiration recorded to prove blob data
```
Impact:
```
-cheaper transactions are achieved
-increase rollup TPS [transactions per second] by 10 times as much
```

<center>
<Image
src="/images/diagrams/concepts/eip-4844/scale-rollup-ten-times.png"
alt="proposed"
width={1200}
height={500}
/>
</center>

EIP-4844 focuses on using Polynomial Commitments instead of Merkle Trees.
This is because Polynomial Commitments have data recovery and are more lightweight than Merkle Trees as shown below.
However, Polynomial Commitments are more challenging to develop with, since they use complicated math.

<center>
<Image
src="/images/diagrams/concepts/eip-4844/merkle-tree-vs-polynomial-commitment.png"
alt="proposed"
width={1200}
height={500}
/>
</center>

EIP-4844 will be released in the Ethereum Cancun upgrade.
The Cancun upgrade ETA is Q4 2023 and can be tracked with other Ethereum upgrades at [Wen Merge?](https://wenmerge.com/)

Taiko Mainnet will launch with blob data transaction support after EIP-4844 is released.

<Callout type="info">
Taiko can support transactions without EIP-4844 blob data as well.
</Callout>
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