check target array length before allocating.

core/jvm-native/src/main/scala/cats/effect/ArrayStack.scala

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package cats.effect
 
 import Platform.static
+import PlatformStatics.VM_MaxArraySize
 
 private final class ArrayStack[A <: AnyRef](
     private[this] var buffer: Array[AnyRef],
@@ -72,7 +73,17 @@ private final class ArrayStack[A <: AnyRef](
   private[this] def checkAndGrow(): Unit =
     if (index >= buffer.length) {
       val len = buffer.length
-      val buffer2 = new Array[AnyRef](len * 2)
+      val targetLen = len * 2
+
+      val resizeLen =
+        if (targetLen < 0)
+          throw new Exception(s"Overflow while resizing array. Request length: $targetLen")
+        else if (len > VM_MaxArraySize / 2)
+          VM_MaxArraySize
+        else
+          targetLen
+
+      val buffer2 = new Array[AnyRef](resizeLen)
       System.arraycopy(buffer, 0, buffer2, 0, len)
       buffer = buffer2
     }

core/jvm-native/src/main/scala/cats/effect/PlatformStatics.scala

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+package cats.effect
+
+// copy from scala.runtime.PStatics
+private[effect] object PlatformStatics {
+  // `Int.MaxValue - 8` traditional soft limit to maximize compatibility with diverse JVMs
+  // See https://stackoverflow.com/a/8381338 for example
+  final val VM_MaxArraySize = 2147483639
+}