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docs: update for v11 (#784)
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For the creation of [RFC9562](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9562.html) (formally [RFC4122](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4122.html)) UUIDs

- **Complete** - Support for all RFC9562 (nee RFC4122) UUID versions
- **Complete** - Support for all RFC9562 UUID versions
- **Cross-platform** - Support for ...
- CommonJS, [ECMAScript Modules](#ecmascript-modules) and [CDN builds](#cdn-builds)
- CommonJS, [ECMAScript Modules](#ecmascript-modules)
- NodeJS 16+ ([LTS releases](https://github.com/nodejs/Release))
- Chrome, Safari, Firefox, Edge browsers
- Webpack and rollup.js module bundlers
- [React Native / Expo](#react-native--expo)
- **Secure** - Cryptographically-strong random values
- **Small** - Zero-dependency, small footprint, plays nice with "tree shaking" packagers
- **Compact** - No dependencies, [tree-shakable](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Tree_shaking)
- **CLI** - Includes the [`uuid` command line](#command-line) utility
- **Typescript** - Types now included

<!-- prettier-ignore -->
> [!NOTE]
> Upgrading from `uuid@3`? Your code is probably okay, but check out [Upgrading From `uuid@3`](#upgrading-from-uuid3) for details.
<!-- prettier-ignore -->
> [!NOTE]
> Only interested in creating a version 4 UUID? You might be able to use [`crypto.randomUUID()`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Crypto/randomUUID), eliminating the need to install this library.
> `uuid@11` has the following breaking changes:
> * Passing `options` to `v1()`, `v6()`, and `v7()` now behaves slightly differently. [See details](#options-handling-for-timestamp-uuids)
> * Binary UUIDs are now of type `Uint8Array`. This may affect code utilizing `parse()`, `stringify()`, or that passes a `buf` argument to any of the `v1()`-`v7()` methods.
## Quickstart

To create a random UUID...

**1. Install**

```shell
npm install uuid
```

**2. Create a UUID** (ES6 module syntax)
**2. Create a UUID**

ESM-syntax (must use named exports):

```javascript
import { v4 as uuidv4 } from 'uuid';
uuidv4(); // ⇨ '9b1deb4d-3b7d-4bad-9bdd-2b0d7b3dcb6d'
```

... or using CommonJS syntax:
... CommonJS:

```javascript
const { v4: uuidv4 } = require('uuid');
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -118,15 +115,12 @@ Example:
import { parse as uuidParse } from 'uuid';

// Parse a UUID
const bytes = uuidParse('6ec0bd7f-11c0-43da-975e-2a8ad9ebae0b');

// Convert to hex strings to show byte order (for documentation purposes)
[...bytes].map((v) => v.toString(16).padStart(2, '0')); // ⇨
// [
// '6e', 'c0', 'bd', '7f',
// '11', 'c0', '43', 'da',
// '97', '5e', '2a', '8a',
// 'd9', 'eb', 'ae', '0b'
uuidParse('6ec0bd7f-11c0-43da-975e-2a8ad9ebae0b'); // ⇨
// Uint8Array(16) [
// 110, 192, 189, 127, 17,
// 192, 67, 218, 151, 94,
// 42, 138, 217, 235, 174,
// 11
// ]
```

Expand All @@ -150,9 +144,12 @@ Example:
```javascript
import { stringify as uuidStringify } from 'uuid';

const uuidBytes = [
0x6e, 0xc0, 0xbd, 0x7f, 0x11, 0xc0, 0x43, 0xda, 0x97, 0x5e, 0x2a, 0x8a, 0xd9, 0xeb, 0xae, 0x0b,
];
const uuidBytes = Uint8Array.of(
0x6e, 0xc0, 0xbd, 0x7f,
0x11, 0xc0, 0x43, 0xda,
0x97, 0x5e, 0x2a, 0x8a,
0xd9, 0xeb, 0xae, 0x0b,
);

uuidStringify(uuidBytes); // ⇨ '6ec0bd7f-11c0-43da-975e-2a8ad9ebae0b'
```
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -188,7 +185,7 @@ Example:
```javascript
import { v1 as uuidv1 } from 'uuid';

uuidv1(); // ⇨ '2c5ea4c0-4067-11e9-8bad-9b1deb4d3b7d'
uuidv1(); // ⇨ '2c5ea4c0-4067-11e9-9bdd-2b0d7b3dcb6d'
```

Example using `options`:
Expand All @@ -197,7 +194,7 @@ Example using `options`:
import { v1 as uuidv1 } from 'uuid';

const options = {
node: [0x01, 0x23, 0x45, 0x67, 0x89, 0xab],
node: Uint8Array.of(0x01, 0x23, 0x45, 0x67, 0x89, 0xab),
clockseq: 0x1234,
msecs: new Date('2011-11-01').getTime(),
nsecs: 5678,
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -243,7 +240,7 @@ Example:
```javascript
import { v4 as uuidv4 } from 'uuid';

uuidv4(); // ⇨ '1b9d6bcd-bbfd-4b2d-9b5d-ab8dfbbd4bed'
uuidv4(); // ⇨ '9b1deb4d-3b7d-4bad-9bdd-2b0d7b3dcb6d'
```

Example using predefined `random` values:
Expand All @@ -252,9 +249,12 @@ Example using predefined `random` values:
import { v4 as uuidv4 } from 'uuid';

const v4options = {
random: [
0x10, 0x91, 0x56, 0xbe, 0xc4, 0xfb, 0xc1, 0xea, 0x71, 0xb4, 0xef, 0xe1, 0x67, 0x1c, 0x58, 0x36,
],
random: Uint8Array.of(
0x10, 0x91, 0x56, 0xbe,
0xc4, 0xfb, 0xc1, 0xea,
0x71, 0xb4, 0xef, 0xe1,
0x67, 0x1c, 0x58, 0x36,
),
};
uuidv4(v4options); // ⇨ '109156be-c4fb-41ea-b1b4-efe1671c5836'
```
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ This method takes the same arguments as uuid.v1().
```javascript
import { v6 as uuidv6 } from 'uuid';

uuidv6(); // ⇨ '1e940672-c5ea-64c0-8bad-9b1deb4d3b7d'
uuidv6(); // ⇨ '1e940672-c5ea-64c0-9b5d-ab8dfbbd4bed'
```

Example using `options`:
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ Example:
```javascript
import { v7 as uuidv7 } from 'uuid';

uuidv7(); // ⇨ '01695553-c90c-722d-9b5d-b38dfbbd4bed'
uuidv7(); // ⇨ '01695553-c90c-705a-b56d-778dfbbd4bed'
```

### ~~uuid.v8()~~
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -447,137 +447,14 @@ Note: <namespace uuid> may be "URL" or "DNS" to use the corresponding UUIDs
defined by RFC9562
```

## ECMAScript Modules

This library comes with [ECMAScript Modules](https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-modules) (ESM) support for Node.js versions that support it ([example](./examples/node-esmodules/)) as well as bundlers like [rollup.js](https://rollupjs.org/guide/en/#tree-shaking) ([example](./examples/browser-rollup/)) and [webpack](https://webpack.js.org/guides/tree-shaking/) ([example](./examples/browser-webpack/)) (targeting both, Node.js and browser environments).

```javascript
import { v4 as uuidv4 } from 'uuid';
uuidv4(); // ⇨ '1b9d6bcd-bbfd-4b2d-9b5d-ab8dfbbd4bed'
```

To run the examples you must first create a dist build of this library in the module root:

```shell
npm run build
```

## CDN Builds

### ECMAScript Modules

To load this module directly into modern browsers that [support loading ECMAScript Modules](https://caniuse.com/#feat=es6-module) you can make use of [jspm](https://jspm.org/):

```html
<script type="module">
import { v4 as uuidv4 } from 'https://jspm.dev/uuid';
console.log(uuidv4()); // ⇨ '1b9d6bcd-bbfd-4b2d-9b5d-ab8dfbbd4bed'
</script>
```

### UMD

As of `uuid@9` [UMD (Universal Module Definition)](https://github.com/umdjs/umd) builds are no longer shipped with this library.

If you need a UMD build of this library, use a bundler like Webpack or Rollup. Alternatively, refer to the documentation of [`uuid@8.3.2`](https://github.com/uuidjs/uuid/blob/v8.3.2/README.md#umd) which was the last version that shipped UMD builds.

## Known issues

### Duplicate UUIDs (Googlebot)

This module may generate duplicate UUIDs when run in clients with _deterministic_ random number generators, such as [Googlebot crawlers](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/advanced/crawling/overview-google-crawlers). This can cause problems for apps that expect client-generated UUIDs to always be unique. Developers should be prepared for this and have a strategy for dealing with possible collisions, such as:

- Check for duplicate UUIDs, fail gracefully
- Disable write operations for Googlebot clients

### "getRandomValues() not supported"

This error occurs in environments where the standard [`crypto.getRandomValues()`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Crypto/getRandomValues) API is not supported. This issue can be resolved by adding an appropriate polyfill:

### React Native / Expo

1. Install [`react-native-get-random-values`](https://github.com/LinusU/react-native-get-random-values#readme)
1. Import it _before_ `uuid`. Since `uuid` might also appear as a transitive dependency of some other imports it's safest to just import `react-native-get-random-values` as the very first thing in your entry point:

```javascript
import 'react-native-get-random-values';
import { v4 as uuidv4 } from 'uuid';
```

<!-- prettier-ignore -->
> [!NOTE]
> If you are using Expo, you must be using at least `react-native-get-random-values@1.5.0` and `expo@39.0.0`.
### Web Workers / Service Workers (Edge <= 18)

[In Edge <= 18, Web Crypto is not supported in Web Workers or Service Workers](https://caniuse.com/#feat=cryptography) and we are not aware of a polyfill (let us know if you find one, please).

### IE 11 (Internet Explorer)

Support for IE11 and other legacy browsers has been dropped as of `uuid@9`. If you need to support legacy browsers, you can always transpile the uuid module source yourself (e.g. using [Babel](https://babeljs.io/)).

## Upgrading From `uuid@7`

### Only Named Exports Supported When Using with Node.js ESM

`uuid@7` did not come with native ECMAScript Module (ESM) support for Node.js. Importing it in Node.js ESM consequently imported the CommonJS source with a default export. This library now comes with true Node.js ESM support and only provides named exports.

Instead of doing:

```javascript
import uuid from 'uuid';
uuid.v4();
```

you will now have to use the named exports:

```javascript
import { v4 as uuidv4 } from 'uuid';
uuidv4();
```

### Deep Requires No Longer Supported

Deep requires like `require('uuid/v4')` [which have been deprecated in `uuid@7`](#deep-requires-now-deprecated) are no longer supported.

## Upgrading From `uuid@3`

"_Wait... what happened to `uuid@4` thru `uuid@6`?!?_"

In order to avoid confusion with RFC [version 4](#uuidv4options-buffer-offset) and [version 5](#uuidv5name-namespace-buffer-offset) UUIDs, and a possible [version 6](http://gh.peabody.io/uuidv6/), releases 4 thru 6 of this module have been skipped.

### Deep Requires Now Deprecated

`uuid@3` encouraged the use of deep requires to minimize the bundle size of browser builds:

```javascript
const uuidv4 = require('uuid/v4'); // <== NOW DEPRECATED!
uuidv4();
```

As of `uuid@7` this library now provides ECMAScript modules builds, which allow packagers like Webpack and Rollup to do "tree-shaking" to remove dead code. Instead, use the `import` syntax:

```javascript
import { v4 as uuidv4 } from 'uuid';
uuidv4();
```

... or for CommonJS:

```javascript
const { v4: uuidv4 } = require('uuid');
uuidv4();
```

### Default Export Removed
## `options` Handling for Timestamp UUIDs

`uuid@3` was exporting the Version 4 UUID method as a default export:
As of `uuid@11`, all timestamp-based UUID APIs (`v1()`, `v6()`, and `v7()`) now operate in two distinct modes:

```javascript
const uuid = require('uuid'); // <== REMOVED!
```
- Without `options`: If no `options` argument is passed, these APIs will make use of internal state such as a sequence counter to improve UUID uniqueness.
- With `options`: If an `options` argument of any kind is passed, no internal state is used or updated. Instead, appropriate defaults are used. See the respective APIs for details.

This usage pattern was already discouraged in `uuid@3` and has been removed in `uuid@7`.
Prior to `uuid@11`, this distinction was less clear. Internal state was was being combined with `options` values in ways that were difficult to rationalize about, and that could lead to unpredictable behavior. Hence, this change.

---

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